Los trabajadores que se quedarán sin cobrar parte de la paga extra en verano

los trabajadores que se quedarán sin cobrar parte de la paga extra en verano

Estos trabajadores no cobrar la paga extra de verano entera: les quitarán parte

Uno de los momentos más esperados por los trabajadores es el cobro de las dos pagas extraordinarias. Una de ellas se debe percibir obligatoriamente en las fiestas de Navidad, mientras que la segunda, aunque se puede recibir en cualquier periodo, se suele cobrar en verano. Así pues, son muchos empleados los que esperan contar con este plus en la nómina, pero algunos podrían no recibirlo entero. ¿Cuál es el motivo?

Al igual que el salario, las pagas extraordinarias son embargables, por lo que los trabajadores que cuenten con deudas o impagos pendientes con la Agencia Tributaria, la Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social (TGSS) o cualquier otra administración pública, pueden ver retenida parte de su extra de verano. Además, el embargo también se puede producir por sentencia firme, decretada por un juez.

Antes de explicar cómo se produce el embargo, es necesario recordar que las pagas extraordinarias se pueden recibir de dos formas: prorrateadas (vienen incluidas en el salario mensual, por lo que se reparten a lo largo de las 12 pagas en las que se percibe el salario) o bien de forma independiente, en forma de “paguilla” (cuando se percibe el salario en 14 pagas). En este último caso, es cuando estos empleados con deudas pueden notar un mayor embargo de la nómina, ya que si reciben las extras prorrateadas, la retención es igual todos los meses. Sin embargo, en el caso de cobrarlas aparte, sí que se calcula diferente respecto al resto de los meses.

Embargo de la paga extraordinaria

Lo primero que hay que saber es que el Salario Mínimo Interprofesional (SMI) es inembargable. Así pues, si cobramos lo mismo o menos que el SMI, no nos pueden embargar nada. Este 2024, el salario mínimo es de 1.134 euros en 14 pagas (el importe que aquí nos interesa) o de 1.323 euros mensuales si se reciben las extras prorrateadas, en 12 pagas.

El segundo dato importante es que la paga extraordinaria equivale a un mes de sueldo (siempre que se haya devengado todo el periodo). Por ello, si cobramos 1.200 euros al mes, el mes en el que recibamos la extra cobraremos 2.400 euros (justo el doble).

Por esta razón, los dos meses en los que recibimos las gratificaciones extraordinarias, se amplía el límite inembargable, siendo el doble del SMI, como recoge el artículo 27 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores. En otras palabras, siempre que se reciban las pagas extraordinarias aparte, el embargo de la nómina se hará de la siguiente forma:

  • En los meses que no cobramos la extra: no pueden embargarnos el SMI. Este 2024, no podrían embargarnos nada si cobramos 1.134 euros o menos. 
  • En los meses que cobramos la extra: no pueden embargarnos el doble del SMI. Este 2024, en estos meses no podrían embargarnos nada si hemos recibido 2.268 euros o menos.

Así pues, nos podrán quitar parte del sueldo y, por tanto, de la extra, si en los meses en las que recibimos las extras hemos cobrado más de 2.268 euros (el equivalente este año al doble del SMI). En caso de que sea así, el porcentaje que nos quitan de la nómina depende de cuánto superemos este límite, como se establece en el artículo 607 de la Ley 1/2000, de 7 de enero, de Enjuiciamiento Civil:

  • Primer tramo: lo mismo que el SMI. No se puede embargar nada.
  • Segundo tramo: hasta el doble del SMI (2.268 euros). Se puede embargar el 30%.
  • Tercer tramo: hasta el triple del SMI (3.402 euros). Se puede embargar el 50%.
  • Cuarto tramo: hasta el cuádruple del SMI (4.536 euros). Se puede embargar el 60%.
  • Quinto tramo: hasta el quíntuple del SMI (5.570 euros). Se puede embargar el 75%.
  • Sexto tramo: cualquier cantidad que supere la anterior cuantía. Se puede embargar hasta el 90%.

Ahora bien, los porcentajes no se aplican sobre el sueldo en sí mismo, sino sobre la parte excedente. Por ejemplo, si cobramos el mes de julio, cuando recibimos la extra en nuestra empresa, 3.000 euros, no podrán quitarnos el 30% de la nómina, sino que podrán quitarnos el 30% de la parte que supera el límite inembargable. Como este es el doble del SMI, en este ejemplo nos embargarían el 30% de 732 euros (el resultado de restar 3.000, nuestro sueldo, y 2.268, que es a lo que equivale el doble del SMI en 2024).

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