Iran-Israel: Wendepunkt in der Nahost-Diplomatie

iran-israel: wendepunkt in der nahost-diplomatie

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Iran und Israel bemühen sich, den nächtlichen israelischen Gegenschlag herunterzuspielen. Darin liegt eine Chance für die Diplomatie. Und für Europa, wie der ehemalige EU-Sonderbeauftragte für den Friedensprozess in Nahost, Andreas Reinicke, im „Krone“-Gespräch sagte.

Kurz nach fünf Uhr morgens Ortszeit ab es in der strategisch wichtigen Stadt Isfahan Explosionen zu hören. Der israelische Gegenschlag auf den iranischen Angriff von vergangenem Wochenende hatte begonnen. Die iranische Nachrichtenagentur FARS meldete, in der Nähe eines Armeestützpunktes in der Stadt Isfahan seien drei Explosionen zu hören gewesen. In Isfahan befinden sich wichtige Einrichtungen der iranischen Rüstungsindustrie. Auch das größte nukleare Forschungszentrum des Landes ist in der Kulturstadt angesiedelt. Laut iranischen Meldungen gab es keine Schäden, die iranische Luftabwehr hatte Drohnen – keine Raketen – abgeschossen. Auch die Atomanlagen wurden nicht beschädigt, wie die Internationale Atomenergiebehörde in Wien mitteilte.

Was nun geschah, war in mehrerer Hinsicht bemerkenswert: Es dauerte vergleichsweise lange, ehe es vom Iran eine offizielle Stellungnahme zu den Vorfällen gab. Und: Anders als sonst wurde nicht sofort Israel die Schuld dafür gegeben. Man wisse noch nicht, von wem die Drohnen gestartet wurden, weswegen auch keine Vergeltungsmaßnahmen geplant seien.

„Änderung in der Tonalität“

Am Vortag drohte der iranische Botschafter bei der UNO noch mit einer Änderung der nationalen Nukleardoktrin, sollte Israel einen Gegenschlag durchführen. „Es gab eine Änderung in der Tonalität“, sagt Andreas Reinicke, Direktor des Deutschen Orientinstituts in Berlin und langjähriger Botschafter in der Region, sowie ehemaliger EU-Sonderbeauftragter für den Friedensprozess im Nahen Osten, zur „Krone“.

„Es deutet alles darauf hin, dass man die Situation herunterfahren will. In Israel gibt es keine großen Siegesmeldungen, im Iran war der Angriff nur eine kurze Notiz in den Medien“, sagt Reinicke. Nachsatz: „Wenn der Iran wollen würde, könnte er daraus jetzt ein Riesentheater machen.“ Immerhin war am Freitag auch der 85. Geburtstag des geistigen und weltlichen Führers, Ajatollah Ali Khamenei.

Die Zeichen stehen jedenfalls auf Deeskalation. Und vor einem Wendepunkt in der Nahostdiplomatie. Der langjährige Diplomat im Nahen Osten, Andreas Reinicke sieht den Zeitpunkt gekommen, um wieder zur Politik und Diplomatie zurückzukehren. „Damit meine ich nicht Sanktionen. Sondern dass man sich jetzt hinsetzt und ein System der kollektiven Sicherheit für den Nahen und Mittleren Osten entwickelt“, sagt Reinicke. Ähnlich der OSZE in den 1970er Jahren in Europa.

„Bislang fehlt einfach der Mut“

„Dafür war die Zeit lange nicht reif dafür. Aber keiner in der Region will einen Flächenbrand. Jetzt haben alle gesehen, wie gefährlich die Situation werden kann. Die Voraussetzungen, ein solches System der kollektiven Sicherheit aufzubauen, halte ich für besser als jemals zuvor.“ Dafür wäre allerdings die Lösung des Palästinenser-Konflikts nötig. Reinicke sieht dadurch auch eine Chance für Europa, das Thema aufzugreifen. „Europa sagt immer, wir können nichts tun. Aber das stimmt nicht. Es fehlt bislang einfach nur der Mut dafür.“

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