「歯生え薬」の臨床試験を9月に開始、2030年頃の実用化を目指す…世界初の無歯症の治療薬へ

 生まれつき永久歯の数が少ない先天性無歯症を治療する「歯生え薬」の臨床試験(治験)を9月から始めると、北野病院(大阪市北区)などのチームが2日発表した。歯を一部失った健康な男性30人を対象に投与して安全性を確かめ、その後2~7歳の患者へと対象を広げる計画。2030年頃の実用化を目指しており、実現すれば歯を生やす世界初の薬になるという。

 永久歯は親知らず4本を含め、全て生えると32本になるが、「先天性無歯症」では一部が生えない。欠損の本数が多い遺伝性の患者は国内に約12万人いるとみられる。放置するとあごの発達などに影響するため、成長に伴って入れ歯を何度も作り替えたり、成長後、人工の歯をあごの骨に直接固定するインプラントなどで対処したりする必要があった。

 チームはマウスを使った実験で、歯の成長を抑えているたんぱく質を突き止め、この働きを妨げる抗体医薬を作製した。

 治験では、虫歯などで歯を一部失った30~64歳の男性30人に薬か偽薬を点滴で投与し、1年ほどかけて副作用の有無をみる。安全性が確認できれば、26年頃に歯が4本以上少ない2~7歳の患者50人ほどを対象に、有効性などを確認する計画だ。

 チームによると、先天性無歯症のマウスや犬で行った実験では薬の投与によって歯が生えてきた。たんぱく質によって成長が止まっていた「歯のもと」になる組織から生えたとみられる。

 治療にかかる費用は150万円程度を見込んでおり、将来は虫歯などで歯を失った人の治療も視野に研究を進める。北野病院の高橋克・歯科口腔外科主任部長は「入れ歯、インプラントに続く第3の選択肢になるよう、研究を進めていきたい」と話した。

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