Early vote counts suggests Modi may struggle to secure majority in India election
Early counting of votes in India's election suggests the party of Narendra Modi may get fewer seats than expected.
Early vote counts suggests Modi may struggle to secure majority in India election
A total of 272 seats are needed for a majority in the country's parliament - but his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is so far ahead only in 242 seats.
However, if it is unable to achieve an outright majority, the BJP is expected to form a coalition government - ensuring Mr Modi secures a third consecutive term as prime minister.
The BJP is part of a broader National Democratic Alliance of parties - which are ahead in a total of 283 constituencies.
If Mr Modi does lead a coalition government, the popular but controversial 73-year-old would become only the second prime minister - after India's independence leader Jawaharlal Nehru - to win three consecutive terms.
The counting of 642 million votes in the world's largest election began early today.
The Hindu nationalist BJP and its allies have faced a broad opposition alliance led by the Congress party and its main campaign leader, Rahul Gandhi.
Around 970 million people - more than 10% of the world's population - were eligible to vote after polls opened in mid-April, with an average turnout of around 66% across the seven phases, according to official figures.
During his 10 years in power, Mr Modi has transformed India's political landscape, his popularity outstripping that of his party.
However, a decade of his leadership has also left the country deeply divided - religiously and economically.
His opponents and critics say his Hindu-first politics have bred intolerance, hate speech and brazen attacks against the country's minorities - raising concerns over the treatment of Muslims, Christians and other religious groups.
India's economy is among the fastest-growing in the world and has helped the country emerge as a global power and a counterweight to China.
But it has become unequal, with only a small portion of Indians benefitting from the economic boom and youth unemployment soaring.
The country's democratic values under Mr Modi's leadership have also come under scrutiny.
Under Mr Modi, the media - once viewed as vibrant and largely independent - has become more pliant and critical voices muzzled.
Many watchdogs have now categorised India as a "hybrid regime" that is neither a full democracy nor a full autocracy.
Mr Modi's government has repeatedly denied and dismissed accusations of discrimination, saying its policies aim for the welfare of all communities without bias and that it enforces the law equally.
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