¿Por qué se encuentran misiles iraníes casi intactos en el Negev? - Explicación

Published: Thu, 25 Apr 2024 10:01:24 GMT

¿por qué se encuentran misiles iraníes casi intactos en el negev? - explicación

Un hombre junto a los restos aparentes de un misil balístico, mientras yace en el desierto cerca del Mar Muerto, tras un ataque masivo con misiles y drones de Irán contra Israel, en el sur de Israel 21 de abril de 2024. (photo credit:REUTERS/Ronen Zvulun)

A pesar de las afirmaciones de las FDI de que el 99% de los misiles iraníes enviados el 14 de abril fueron interceptados, piezas de misiles siguen siendo descubiertas en el desierto de Judea.

Viajeros que caminaban en el área de Arad en el desierto de Judea, disfrutando de la noche estrellada, se sorprendieron al encontrarse al lado de un misil balístico, un remanente del gran ataque que Teherán lanzó contra Israel, que incluyó más de 300 drones suicidas, misiles de crucero y misiles balísticos.

No es el primer misil descubierto en el sur desde el ataque. Misiles similares fueron descubiertos cerca en el área del Mar Muerto inmediatamente después.

Entonces, ¿cómo es posible que civiles sigan encontrando misiles en el suelo diez días después del ataque, especialmente después de que el portavoz de las FDI afirmara que el sistema de defensa aérea de Israel interceptó exitosamente el 99% de ellos?

Misiles iraníes: ¿cómo funcionan?

Las FDI tomaron la decisión de revelar esta información ya que algunos misiles impactaron con éxito la base de Nevatim, y esto fue informado en el extranjero. A pesar de no responder directamente a informes de que un avión de transporte fue alcanzado en el ataque, las FDI sí proporcionaron una explicación para los misiles casi intactos descubiertos en el Negev.

El misil encontrado esta semana es el Imad iraní, uno de los dos tipos de misiles balísticos utilizados en el ataque, junto con el Haybar Shekan. El Imad es una versión avanzada del antiguo misil Shehab 3, que a su vez se basa en el Rodong norcoreano.

Irán lanzó 110 misiles balísticos contra Israel. Cada misil contiene motores de cohete que le proporcionan la velocidad necesaria para salir de la atmósfera, grandes tanques de combustible diseñados para permitir que los motores viajen largas distancias, una caja de sistema de control y una cabeza explosiva, que contiene el material explosivo.

La cabeza explosiva del Imad es relativamente sofisticada: contiene 750 kg de explosivos, capaces de causar daños incluso a estructuras protegidas. Las aletas del misil permiten que alcance el objetivo con precisión y maniobre en un intento de engañar a los sistemas de defensa. El alcance del misil alcanza aproximadamente los 1,700 kilómetros y está diseñado para golpear el objetivo con precisión a 10 metros.

“La cabeza explosiva es la carga útil que transporta el misil, cuyo único propósito es ponerlo en órbita en su camino hacia el objetivo”, explica Tal Inbar, experto en el programa de misiles iraní. “El motor acelera el misil, y este vuela hacia Israel en una trayectoria balística, a una altura máxima de 110-140 km sobre el suelo. En algún lugar sobre el oeste de Irán o sobre Irak, la cabeza explosiva se separa de la pesada y torpe carcasa del misil que la transporta para que pueda maniobrar fácilmente hacia el objetivo. La cabeza explosiva es la parte peligrosa que necesita ser interceptada. El resto del misil llega a Israel sin combustible, y siempre que caiga en un territorio deshabitado, no causará daños.

“El costo de estos misiles es alto: un Arrow-2 cuesta alrededor de 3 millones de dólares. El objetivo es destruir el objetivo con la menor cantidad de interceptores posible. Es por eso que se ha puesto mucho esfuerzo en desarrollar la capacidad de los sistemas de defensa aérea israelíes para distinguir entre la cabeza explosiva y el misil en sí. Esto nos permite lanzar un interceptor al objetivo correcto y no desperdiciar un interceptor en el misil en sí, siempre que no esté a punto de caer en un área poblada.”

Por lo tanto, los misiles lanzados hacia Nevatim y otros objetivos en el Negev cayeron en el sur pero lejos de los objetivos a los que estaban apuntando. Cuando yacen en el Negev sin las cabezas explosivas, son solo chatarra de metal, que las FDI recogen lentamente para investigar y analizar las capacidades del enemigo.

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