Perú pierde reputación crediticia: el costo de vida en riesgo de encarecerse

perú pierde reputación crediticia: el costo de vida en riesgo de encarecerse

Perú pierde reputación crediticia: el costo de vida en riesgo de encarecerse

La economía peruana ha recibido un jalón de orejas por parte de Standard & Poor’s y Fitch Ratings, y está a un paso de perder el grado de inversión y retroceder al grado especulativo, lo cual sería nocivo para la recuperación del PBI. La constante inestabilidad, fragmentación e impopularidad del Congreso de La República y del Gobierno de Dina Boluarte explican el deterioro de la calificación.

Según S&P Global Ratings, la nota peruana pasó de BBB a BBB- —pero con perspectiva estable— y,para Fitch, seguimos en BBB mas la perspectiva ahora es negativa.

A pesar de la fragilidad política, destacan las fortalezas macroeconómicas aunque señalan que están siendo “sometidas a prueba”. Fitch, por ejemplo, considera que se necesita una mayor distensión de la incertidumbre política, pero ve improbable que suceda hasta 2026, y por ello, a medio plazo estima que el PBI oscile entre 2% a 2,5% —tasas que no son suficientes para el cierre brechas como la pobreza, según el ministro de Economía, José Arista—.

A juicio de ambas calificadoras,la presidenta Dina Boluarte tiene un “débil mandato” y se ha mantenido en el cargo gracias al “apoyo de los partidos de derecha”, pero la falta de consensos y decisiones oportunas,ponen en peligro la estabilidad fiscal. Dentro de estas “medidas populistas” está la autorización de un séptimo retiro de ahorros de las AFP por hasta 4 UIT (S/20.600).

¿Perdemos todos?

De perderse el grado de inversión al no realizarse los cambios que proponen las agencias, habrá un incremento del costo de crédito, del déficit fiscal y desaceleración del PBI, según el economista y exjefe de la SBS Juan José Marthans.

Ante esta “voz de alerta”, Marthans considera prudente la elaboración de un pacto social a favor del desarrollo de infraestructura e inversión, y así, más allá del tinte político de las autoridades, se daría una buena señal a las calificadoras.

Aparte, sostiene que si Fitch y S&P ya han actualizado a la baja su lectura sobre el Perú, queda esperar lo que hará Moody’s —que maneja un criterio Baa1 (BBB+) y una perspectiva negativa—.

El director de Phase Consultores, Juan Carlos Odar,asegura que el mercado ha interpretado que el Perú no va en dirección correcta, y otro de sus efectos tangibles, sería el alza del tipo de cambio debido al deterioro de las expectativas y a fin de que las empresas cubran sus activos. Este incremento del dólar se traduciría en el encarecimiento de los precios de las importaciones y evitaría que la reducción de la inflación se consolide.

Alfonso Bustamante, presidente de la Confiep, considera que ante la rebaja crediticia se requiere un Consejo Fiscal independiente y un Poder Ejecutivo y Congreso que actúen “a consciencia” de las consecuencias de sus decisiones. Pidió al MEF pronunciarse cuando peligren las finanzas públicas.

MEF optimista

El ministro Arista aseguró que, tras los mensajes de S&P y Fitch, su cartera aplicará “ajustes necesarios”y pese a la advertencia, han resaltado la estabilidad macro y disciplinadas. Insistió junto al premier Adrianzén sobre cesar el ruido político, pero no reconocieron que Dina Boluarte está implicada en este resultado negativo.

Transfieren S/500 mllns para los Gore

El presidente del consejo de ministros del Perú, Gustavo Adrianzén, informó que en las próximas horas se estaría publicando un decreto supremo para establecer el apoyo a los gobiernos locales y mitigar la contracción de la actividad económica. El monto total asciende a s/500 millones, pero podría incrementarse.

José arista del MEF explicó que como efecto de la menor recaudación en el primer trimestre hubo un impacto en el Foncomun, que alimenta transferencias a alrededor de 1.900 municipios.

Asimismo, detalló que el DS –que se publicaría el lunes en El Peruano– permitiría que el jueves los alcaldes ya tengan el recurso en sus respectivas cuentas y puedan financiar no solo gastos corrientes sino también gastos de capital.

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