Pensión anticipada fue aprobada en la reforma, ¿quiénes tienen derecho y de qué se trata?

Una talanquera en el acceso a la pensión por parte de los colombianos es la que ponen los requisitos, que no todos los que cotizan logran cumplir.

Las exigencias básicas en el régimen de prima media, con el cual tendrán relación todos los ciudadanos que pongan sus ahorros para el futuro, cuando se retiren de la actividad laboral, son dos: la edad, a la que todo mundo llega en algún momento, y las semanas cotizadas, que son las difíciles de alcanzar, teniendo en cuenta que la mujer se desvincula a los 57 años y el hombre a los 62.

Seis de cada 10 ciudadanos cotizan al sistema pensional (58 %), pero no logran completar las semanas exigidas para llegar a ‘coronar’ y tener un aseguramiento para el momento de su retiro.

Esa situación es una de las tantas que reducen las posibilidades de aumentar la cobertura en el sistema, tema que intenta abordar la reforma pensional, la cual ya pasó dos debates de los cuatro que debe surtir para convertirse en ley.

El Senado de la República, con mayoría de votos a favor, aprobó la reforma, que contiene 95 artículos, dentro de los cuales quedó avalado el de la llamada pensión anticipada.

pensión anticipada fue aprobada en la reforma, ¿quiénes tienen derecho y de qué se trata?

Ministra de Trabajo, Gloria Inés Ramírez, durante los debates a la reforma pensional en Senado.

¿Cuál es la regla de oro de esta alternativa?

1. Hay que tener 1.000 semanas. De acuerdo con lo aprobado en el Senado, para acceder a la alternativa de una pensión anticipada, se requiere tener la edad (62 años las mujeres y 65 años los hombres) además de 1.000 semanas cotizadas, es decir, le faltarían 300 semanas, de acuerdo a lo establecido en el sistema pensional colombiano.

2. No estar en el régimen de transición. Para poder acceder a la pensión anticipada, el aspirante no podrá estar en el régimen de transición establecido, el cual, implica que, a 2025 cuenta con 900 semanas o más (hombres) o 750 semanas o más (mujeres), pues ellos podrán pensionarse en Colpensiones o en fondos privados, tal como funciona ahora.

3. ¿De cuánto es la pensión anticipada. Con esas 1.000 semanas cotizadas, y la edad, la persona podrá solicitar la pensión anticipada, la cual, le permitirá tener una mesada equivalente a un salario mínimo mensual vigente.

pensión anticipada fue aprobada en la reforma, ¿quiénes tienen derecho y de qué se trata?

El ahorrador puede elegir entre dos alternativas: si va directamente a la cuenta individual de pensión obligatoria, con lo cual de entrada está apostándole al aumento de la mesada pensional, o si van a una cuenta individual distinta a la obligatoria.

4. Descuento. En el caso de la pensión anticipada, el objetivo es amparar a la persona que no logró obtener la pensión. No obstante, no se trata de un subsidio, pues el beneficiario tendrá que seguir aportando el 16 % de su ingreso, que es el descuento que le hacen a un trabajador de manera habitual cuando está cotizando a pensión en su vida laboral.

5. Hasta cuándo irá el descuento. Este descuento se lo realizarán a la persona hasta que complete las cotizaciones faltantes que están establecidas en el sistema, para acceder a una pensión, es decir, hasta que llegue a 1.300 semanas.

6. ¿Qué pasará con su ingreso después de completar las semanas? A partir del momento en que la persona complete las semanas reglamentarias ya no tendrá más descuentos.

pensión anticipada fue aprobada en la reforma, ¿quiénes tienen derecho y de qué se trata?

Ahorro pensional

7. Los que no podrán acceder. En el texto aprobado en el Congreso, aunque con ajustes introducidos en comparación con el proyecto original, se contempla que, de este beneficio, se exceptúan de lo contemplado quienes sean beneficiarios del régimen de transición establecido en la reforma pensional; las mujeres con reducción de semanas por hijos y las madres o padres trabajadores cuyo(a) hijo(a) padezca invalidez fIísica o mental debidamente calificada, conforme a lo establecido en el artículo 33 de la presente reforma, dice el documento aprobado.

Hay que recordar que a la reforma pensional le faltan dos debates en Cámara de Representantes, uno en la comisión respectiva y otro en plenaria.

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