Pandemieabkommen soll Chaos verhindern: WHO-Verhandlungen laufen zäh

pandemieabkommen soll chaos verhindern: who-verhandlungen laufen zäh

Tüten mit funktionstüchtigen FFP2-Masken und OP-Masken.

Das geplante Pandemieabkommen bei der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) steht auf Messers Schneide. 194 Mitgliedsländer wollen das Vertragswerk ab Montag in Genf mehrheitsfähig machen. „Es wird schwierig“, sagte ein Verhandler in Genf. Der geplante Abschluss der Verhandlungen war vor Ostern gescheitert. Im Ringen um eine Einigung haben die Verhandlungsführer einen radikal gekürzten Entwurf vorgelegt. Er umfasst noch 23 Seiten. Zahlreiche umstrittene Bestimmungen sind darin nicht mehr enthalten. Eigentlich soll das Abkommen bei der WHO-Jahrestagung Ende Mai/Anfang Juni in Genf verabschiedet werden. Besonders konrtoverse Details sollen dann erst im Laufe des Jahres geklärt werden.

Die Forderungen waren umfangreich: Dass mehr Impfstoffe für die Verteilung in armen Ländern reserviert werden. Dass die Produktion von Impfstoffen ungeachtet von Patentregeln weltweit schnellstens angekurbelt werden kann. Dass Pharmafirmen bei staatlicher Forschungsunterstützung einen Teil ihrer Produktion günstig abgeben. Dass ein globales Lieferketten- und Logistiknetzwerk sicherstellt, dass jedes Land bekommt, was es braucht. Dass Verträge über Material und Impfstoffe offengelegt werden, damit nicht der höchste Bieter das meiste bekommt, und vieles mehr. Insgesamt sollte aus begangenen Fehlern in der Corona-Pandemie gelernt werden.

Die Hilfsorganisation Ärzte ohne Grenzen (MSF) verlangte von der Bundesregierung großen Einsatz. „Der Kern des WHO-Vertrags muss globale Gesundheits- und Gerechtigkeitsfragen regeln, nicht Industrieinteressen schützen“, sagte Melissa Scharwey, MSF-Expertin für globale Gesundheit, der Deutschen Presse-Agentur. Umstritten ist etwa, ob und wie Pharmafirmen verpflichtet werden, Know-how zu teilen und einen Teil ihrer Produktion gratis oder günstig für ärmere Länder bereitzustellen. MSF fordert zudem verbindliche Regeln, dass Impfstoffe künftig in vielen Ländern hergestellt werden können. „Deutschland muss sich dafür starkmachen, dass staatliche Investitionen in Forschung und Entwicklung an Bedingungen geknüpft werden, sodass es später einen gerechten Zugang für Menschen in aller Welt zu den medizinischen Produkten gibt“, sagte Scharwey.

Das Abkommen tritt nur in den Ländern in Kraft, deren Parlamente es ratifizieren. Regierungen würden damit zwar Verpflichtungen eingehen, aber es gibt keine Sanktionen. Wahrscheinlich müssen Länder sich nur gegenseitig regelmäßig Bericht erstatten, was auf diese Weise Druck aufbauen soll. Explizit steht im jüngsten Entwurf, das nichts in dem Abkommen so interpretiert werden dürfe, dass die WHO die Macht erhält, Ländern Lockdowns, Impfungen oder Reisebeschränkungen vorzuschreiben. Das Bundesgesundheitsministerium schrieb auf eine kritische Petition im September 2023 hin: „Durch den Pandemie-Vertrag der WHO werden weder die Grundrechte noch die Menschenrechte eingeschränkt.“

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