Le monde a dépassé en 2023 les 30% d'électricité d'origine renouvelable, selon un rapport

le monde a dépassé en 2023 les 30% d'électricité d'origine renouvelable, selon un rapport

Des éoliennes dans un champs.

Le monde a franchi pour la première fois en 2023 le seuil de 30% de production électrique d’origine renouvelable, selon le centre de recherche sur l’énergie Ember.

Mondialement, les énergies renouvelables sont passées d’une part de 19% de la production électrique mondiale en 2000, à plus de 30% en 2023, sous l’effet de l’essor surtout du solaire mais aussi de l’éolien.

Ce taux aurait pu être plus important encore si la production hydro-électrique n’avait été à son plus bas depuis cinq ans, du fait de sécheresses en Chine notamment.

Dans le détail, solaire photovoltaïque et éolien ont généré l’an dernier 13,4% de l’électricité mondiale (le reste des sources renouvelables venant surtout de l’hydroélectricité), contre environ 2% en 2010.

Un déclin des énergies fossiles “inévitable”

Selon Ember, cette croissance pourrait permettre au monde, “peut-être cette année”, de voir décliner la production électrique d’origine fossile.

“Le déclin des émissions du secteur électrique est désormais inévitable,” souligne Dave Jones, expert d’Ember, pour qui “2023 était probablement le point pivot, un tournant dans l’histoire de l’énergie”.

“Pour autant, le rythme des baisses d’émissions dépendra de la rapidité avec laquelle la révolution des renouvelables se poursuivra”, a-t-il ajouté.

Les Etats se sont engagés à la conférence climat de l’ONU fin 2023 (COP28) à agir pour tripler les capacités globales en énergies renouvelables d’ici 2030. Cela permettrait au monde d’atteindre 60% d’électricité d’origine renouvelable, souligne Ember.

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