La chaleur extrême continue d’accabler les pays de l’Asie du Sud-Est

la chaleur extrême continue d’accabler les pays de l’asie du sud-est

Au Bangladesh (ici, à Dacca, la capitale), les températures maximales relevées sur la semaine ont excédé de 4 °C à 5 °C les moyennes établies sur les 30 dernières années sur la même période.

Ecole à distance aux Philippines, parcs bondés en Birmanie, messages d’alerte aux fortes chaleurs au Bangladesh… L’Asie du Sud-Est continue ce dimanche 28 avril à transpirer sous des températures anormalement élevées, avec des pointes à plus de 45 °C. Des vagues de chaleur rendues plus longues, plus intenses et plus fréquentes en raison du réchauffement climatique, selon les experts.

Mardi 23 avril, les Nations unies ont affirmé que l’Asie se réchauffait particulièrement vite, après que des records de températures ont été battus partout dans le monde en 2023 et que 2024 s’annonce encore pire. Sur ce continent, les Philippines font partie des pays les plus vulnérables aux conséquences du changement climatique. Le thermomètre a affiché 38,8 °C dans la capitale Manille ce samedi – un chiffre jamais atteint auparavant -, avec une température ressentie de 45 °C, selon les statistiques nationales. Le même jour, plus de 40 °C ont été enregistrés à Camiling, dans la province de Tarlac (nord-ouest), ce qui représente un record national en 2024.

Du côté de Dacca, au Bangladesh, les températures maximales relevées sur la semaine ont excédé de 4 °C à 5 °C les moyennes établies sur les 30 dernières années lors de la même période. Même ambiance dans de nombreux pays proches : en Thaïlande, le mercure pourrait atteindre les 44,1 °C dans le nord de la province de Phetchabun ce dimanche tandis qu’au Cambodge, le mercure pourrait grimper jusqu’à 43 °C dans la semaine à venir. Au Vietnam, ce sont des températures de 38 et 41° qui sont attendues ces prochains jours, particulièrement dans le nord du pays. L’Inde cuit elle aussi, alors que le thermomètre pourrait tutoyer les 44 °C par endroits durant ce week-end.

Les températures rendent le quotidien invivable pour de nombreux habitants. A tel point que, ces derniers jours, en Thaïlande, mais aussi aux Philippines ou au Bangladesh, les autorités ont pris des mesures pour protéger les populations des fortes chaleurs. A Manille, les cours en présentiel ont même dû être suspendus dans les 47 000 écoles publiques pendant deux jours lundi et mardi prochain, face à une chaleur intenable. Au Bangladesh, des écoles ont rouvert ce dimanche après plusieurs jours de fermeture pour les mêmes raisons. Des millions d’élèves sont ainsi revenus en classe en dépit d’une alerte aux fortes chaleurs toujours active, les maternelles restant closes tandis que les emplois du temps des primaires sont raccourcis.

En Birmanie, où le mercure a atteint mercredi 45,9 °C dans la ville de Chauk (centre-ouest), beaucoup cherchent de la fraîcheur à l’ombre des arbres dans les parcs une fois le soleil couché. Dans ce pays en proie à un conflit civil et au réseau électrique obsolète, les coupures de courant sont fréquentes, entre attaques d’infrastructures et réserves de gaz taries. Ceux qui n’ont pas les moyens de s’offrir un générateur à essence peuvent ainsi passer plus de huit heures par jour sans courant et donc sans climatisation.

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