Koniec czekania miliardy lat. Naukowcy stworzyli diament w 150 minut

koniec czekania miliardy lat. naukowcy stworzyli diament w 150 minut

Koniec czekania miliardy lat. Naukowcy stworzyli diament w 150 minut

Miliony, a nawet miliardy lat potrzeba, żeby węgiel zmienił się w diament. Problemem jest nie tylko czas, ale i odpowiednie ilości ciśnienia i ciepła. Nowa technologia pozwala skrócić ten proces do… 2,5 godziny.

Diament powstaje głęboko w płaszczu Ziemi – ponad 150 kilometrów pod powierzchnią. Panują tam odpowiednie warunki – wystarczające ilości ciśnienia i ciepła – żeby pospolity węgiel zmienił się w najcenniejszy kamień szlachetny na świecie. Proces ten zajmuje miliony, a czasem nawet miliardy lat. Właśnie okazało się, że można go skrócić do 150 minut.

Nowa technologia pozyskiwania diamentów

Naukowcy z Institute for Basic Science w Korei Południowej odkryli nową metodę pozyskiwania diamentów. Polega ona na wykorzystaniu specjalnej mieszanki ciekłych metali, co skraca proces formowania się diamentu. Rozpuszczanie węgla do postaci ciekłego metalu testowane jest od jakiegoś czasu, ale wciąż konieczne było zastosowanie ciśnienia na poziomie 5-6 gigapaskali i posiadania „zarodka diamentu”, do którego może przylgnąć węgiel – czytamy w portalu „Science Alert”.

Wykorzystanie specjalnej mieszanki galu, żelaza, niklu i krzemu pozwoliło na obniżenie ciśnienia do  1 atm (0,000 101 325 gigapaskala), a diament uformował się sam – bez zarodka. Wewnątrz grafitowej obudowy zastosowano system próżniowy, który bardzo szybko podgrzewał, a następnie chłodził metal wystawiony na działanie kombinacji metanu i wodoru. Warunki te sprawiły, że atomy węgla z metanu rozprzestrzeniły się w stopionym metalu, działając jak zarodki. Już po 15 minutach małe kryształy diamentu wytrysnęły z ciekłego metalu, a po dwóch i pół godzinie ekspozycji wytworzyły ciągłą warstwę diamentu.

Choć wciąż potrzeba wysokich temperatur – około 1025°C – udało się zmniejszyć czas i ciśnienie, do odczuwalnego na poziomie morza. Naukowcy udoskonalają technikę i planują zastosować ją na szeroką skalę. Odkrycie zaprezentowano na łamach „Nature”.

Źródło: Radio ZET, Nature

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