Kenali Apa Itu Kanker Kepala dan Leher serta Jenisnya

kenali apa itu kanker kepala dan leher serta jenisnya

Kanker kepala dan leher termasuk beberapa jenis kanker yang biasanya tumbuh di sel skuamosa yang melapisi permukaan mukosa kepala dan leher Anda.

KOMPAS.com – Kanker kepala dan leher dapat memengaruhi mulut, tenggorokan, atau bagian lain dari kepala dan leher Anda.

Mengutip American Cancer Society, kanker kepala dan leher dapat memiliki banyak nama berbeda tergantung dari mana kanker itu dimulai.

Misalnya, kanker yang bermula di tenggorokan (faring) bisa disebut seperti berikut:

  • Kanker nasofaring, jika kanker di tenggorokan atas belakang hidung
  • Kanker orofaring, jika kanker di tenggorokan tengah belakang mulut
  • Kanker hipofaring, jika kanker di tenggorokan bawah.

Artikel ini akan mengulas lebih lanjut tentang apa itu kanker kepala dan leher.

Apa itu kanker kepala dan leher?

Mengutip National Cancer Institute, kanker kepala dan leher adalah beberapa jenis kanker yang biasanya tumbuh di sel skuamosa yang melapisi permukaan mukosa kepala dan leher.

Mukosa kepala dan leher, misalnya, di dalam mulut, tenggorokan (faring) atau kotak suara (laring).

Kanker ini disebut juga sebagai karsinoma sel skuamosa kepala dan leher.

Kanker kepala dan leher juga dapat dimulai di kelenjar ludah, sinus, atau otot atau saraf di kepala dan leher, tetapi jenis kanker ini jauh lebih jarang terjadi.

Apa saja jenis kanker kepala dan leher?

Mengutip Cleveland Clinic, jenis kanker kepala dan leher meliputi:

Kanker ini terbentuk di bibir, lidah, gusi, lapisan pipi dan bibir, bagian atas dan bawah mulut, atau di belakang gigi bungsu.

  • Kanker orofaringeal

Kanker ini memengaruhi bagian tengah tenggorokan (orofaring). Kanker amandel adalah jenis kanker orofaringeal yang paling umum.

  • Kanker hipofaring

Kanker ini memengaruhi bagian bawah tenggorokan (hipoparing).

Kanker ini menyerang kotak suara (laring), yang berisi pita suara Anda.

kanker ini menyerang bagian atas tenggorokan (nasofaring).

  • Kanker kelenjar air liur

kanker ini memengaruhi kelenjar air liur, yang menghasilkan air liur (ludah).

  • Kanker rongga hidung dan sinus paranasal

Kanker ini terbentuk di area berongga di dalam hidung (rongga hidung) atau rongga di tulang yang mengelilingi hidung (sinus paranasal).

Kanker kepala dan leher terkadang menyebar ke kelenjar getah bening di bagian atas leher Anda.

Terlepas dari lokasinya, kanker otak, mata, esofagus, dan tiroid biasanya tidak dianggap sebagai kanker kepala dan leher.

Penderitanya membutuhkan perawatan yang berbeda dari yang digunakan pada kanker kepala dan leher.

Untuk diketahui, sekitar 900.000 kasus kanker kepala dan leher didiagnosis di seluruh dunia setiap tahun.

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