Guerre Israël-Hamas : l’Arabie saoudite met en garde contre les conséquences économiques de la guerre

guerre israël-hamas : l’arabie saoudite met en garde contre les conséquences économiques de la guerre

Guerre Israël-Hamas : l’Arabie saoudite met en garde contre les conséquences économiques de la guerre

L’Arabie saoudite a mis garde dimanche contre les conséquences économiques de la guerre à Gaza et appelé à la « désescalade » à l’ouverture d’une réunion spéciale du Forum économique mondial (WEF), en présence de nombreux dirigeants et hauts responsables.

Le secrétaire d’Etat américain Antony Blinken, les représentants palestiniens et de haut diplomates impliqués dans les efforts visant à mettre fin au conflit entre Israël et le Hamas palestinien figurent sur la liste des participants à ce sommet organisé sur deux jours dans la capitale Ryad.

La guerre à Gaza ainsi que les conflits en Ukraine et ailleurs exercent « une forte pression » sur l’environnement économique, a déclaré le ministre saoudien des Finances, Mohammed al-Jadaan, lors d’un panel.

«Ã‚ Je pense que les pays, les dirigeants et les personnes qui font preuve de sang-froid doivent l’emporter et faire en sorte qu’il y ait une désescalade », a-t-il poursuivi.

La guerre a été déclenchée par l’attaque du Hamas le 7 octobre en Israël qui a entraîné la mort de 1.170 personnes, selon un décompte de l’AFP à partir de données officielles israéliennes. Plus de 250 personnes ont été enlevées et 129 restent captives à Gaza, dont 34 sont mortes selon des responsables israéliens.

En représailles, Israël a juré d’anéantir le mouvement islamiste palestinien au pouvoir à Gaza depuis 2007, et lancé une offensive qui a fait plus de 34.380 morts, selon le ministère de la Santé du Hamas. « Le monde marche aujourd’hui sur une corde raide, essayant de trouver un équilibre entre sécurité et prospérité », a souligné samedi Faisal al-Ibrahim, le ministre saoudien de la Planification, lors d’une conférence de presse.

«Ã‚ Nous nous rencontrons à un moment où une erreur de jugement, une erreur de calcul ou une erreur de communication exacerberait davantage nos défis », a-t-il ajouté.

« Nouvelle dynamique »

Le président du WEF, Borge Brende, a affirmé lors de cette conférence qu’il y avait « une sorte de nouvelle dynamique dans les discussions autour des otages, et (…) d’une sortie possible de l’impasse dans laquelle nous nous trouvons à Gaza ».

Israël n’est pas représenté au sommet, et les négociations sur une trêve à travers une médiation américaine, qatarie et égyptienne, se déroulent ailleurs, mais l’évènement sera « une occasion d’avoir des discussions structurées » avec « des acteurs clés », a-t-il souligné.

«Ã‚ Il y aura des discussions, bien sûr, sur la situation humanitaire à Gaza », ainsi que sur l’Iran, qui soutient le Hamas et le Hezbollah libanais. L’événement « a toutes les chances de devenir une réunion très importante », selon le président du WEF.

Le département d’Etat américain a indiqué qu’Antony Blinken fera le déplacement lundi à Ryad pour « discuter des efforts en cours visant à parvenir à un cessez-le-feu à Gaza qui permette la libération des otages ». Il « mettra aussi l’accent sur l’importance de prévenir une extension » régionale de la guerre, selon la même source.

Le Hamas a dit samedi « étudier » une contre-proposition israélienne en vue d’une trêve associée à la libération d’otages, au lendemain de l’arrivée en Israël d’une délégation de médiateurs égyptiens pour tenter de relancer les négociations dans l’impasse.

Depuis le début de la guerre, l’Arabie saoudite travaille avec d’autres pays pour tenter de mettre fin au conflit qui menace d’embraser la région, et de faire dérailler son ambitieux programme de réformes économiques, appelé Vision 2030.

Projets saoudiens

La monarchie du Golfe, premier exportateur de pétrole au monde et poids lourd du monde arabe, mène également des discussions sur un éventuel accord de normalisation avec Israël, accompagné d’un renforcement de son partenariat de sécurité avec Washington.

En septembre, le prince héritier et dirigeant de facto du royaume, Mohammed ben Salmane, s’était montré optimiste sur la possibilité d’un tel accord lors d’une interview à Fox News, mais la guerre à Gaza a compliqué la situation, estiment les analystes.

En parallèle, le royaume conservateur, qui abrite deux des sites les plus saints de l’islam, cherche à attirer investisseurs et touristes pour diversifier une économie encore très dépendante des hydrocarbures. L’accueil d’événements internationaux comme la réunion du WEF lui permet de mettre en avant les progrès réalisés tant au niveau économique que social.

«Ã‚ Huit ans après le lancement de la Vision 2030, nous avons démontré notre volonté de montrer la voie vers un modèle de croissance transformatrice, innovante, inclusive et durable », a affirmé samedi Faisal al-Ibrahim.

Des questions subsistent toutefois quant à la faisabilité de ce programme et ses mégas projets comme la mégapole futuriste NEOM. En décembre, le ministre des Finances avait reconnu que le calendrier de certains projets majeurs serait repoussé au-delà de 2030, sans préciser lesquels.

Ryad prévoit des déficits budgétaires jusqu’en 2026, et son économie a pratiquement stagné l’année dernière après des coupes dans la production de pétrole. Mais son PIB non pétrolier a connu une croissance « très saine », à 4,4 %, a déclaré dimanche M. al-Jadaan.

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