Emmanuel Macron prêt à « ouvrir le débat » sur une défense européenne comprenant l’arme nucléaire

emmanuel macron prêt à « ouvrir le débat » sur une défense européenne comprenant l’arme nucléaire

« Mettons tout sur la table et regardons ce qui nous protège véritablement de manière crédible », a déclaré Emmanuel Macron. AFP/Ludovic MARIN

La construction d’une Europe de la défense est depuis très longtemps un objectif de la France qui s’est souvent heurtée aux réticences de ses partenaires qui jugeaient plus sûr le parapluie de l’Otan. La guerre en Ukraine, tout comme le possible retour d’un Donald Trump à la Maison Blanche en novembre, sont en train de rebattre les cartes.

Dans un entretien avec des jeunes Européens, publié samedi soir par les journaux du groupe Ebra, Emmanuel Macron s’est dit prêt à « ouvrir le débat » d’une défense européenne qui comprendrait aussi l’arme nucléaire.

« Je suis pour ouvrir ce débat qui doit donc inclure la défense antimissile, les tirs d’armes de longue portée, l’arme nucléaire pour ceux qui l’ont ou qui disposent sur leur sol de l’arme nucléaire américaine. Mettons tout sur la table et regardons ce qui nous protège véritablement de manière crédible », a déclaré le chef de l’État en ajoutant que la France garderait « sa spécificité mais est prête à contribuer davantage à la défense du sol européen ».

« Il y a une dimension européenne dans ces intérêts vitaux »

Depuis le Brexit et la sortie du Royaume-Uni de l’Union européenne, la France est le seul de ses États membres à disposer de la dissuasion nucléaire. Lors de son discours sur l’Europe, jeudi à la Sorbonne, le président français avait plaidé pour une « Europe puissance » et la constitution d’une Europe de la défense « crédible » au côté de l’Otan et face à la Russie, devenue beaucoup plus menaçante depuis son invasion de l’Ukraine en février 2022.

« Ça peut signifier déployer des boucliers antimissiles, mais il faut être sûr qu’ils bloquent tous les missiles et dissuadent de l’utilisation du nucléaire », a cette fois précisé le chef de l’État.

« Être crédible, c’est avoir aussi des missiles de longue portée qui dissuaderaient les Russes. Et il y a l’arme nucléaire : la doctrine française est qu’on peut l’utiliser quand nos intérêts vitaux sont menacés. J’ai déjà dit qu’il y a une dimension européenne dans ces intérêts vitaux, sans les détailler car cette dissuasion concourrait à la crédibilité de la défense européenne », a-t-il développé.

Lors de son discours à la Sorbonne, Emmanuel Macron avait déjà abordé cette question de l’arme nucléaire française, qui revient régulièrement dans les discussions sur la défense européenne. « La dissuasion nucléaire est en effet au cœur de la stratégie de défense française. Elle est donc par essence un élément incontournable de la défense du continent européen », avait-il déjà lancé, jeudi dernier.

À propos de l’Ukraine, Emmanuel Macron escompte que les livraisons d’armes actuelles permettront aux Ukrainiens de « résister davantage ». « On joue vraiment notre sécurité, et on joue l’avenir de l’Europe », a-t-il conclu.

Macron sous le feu des critiques

Les oppositions ont vivement dénoncé les propos du président Emmanuel Macron. « Un chef de l’Etat français ne devrait pas dire ça », s’est emporté François-Xavier Bellamy, tête de liste Les Républicains (LR) aux élections européennes du 9 juin. Et d’ajouter lors du « Grand Rendez-Vous Europe1/CNews/Les Echos » : « Cette expression est d’une gravité exceptionnelle, parce que là nous touchons au nerf même de la souveraineté française ».

De son côté, LFI a estimé dimanche dans un communiqué qu’Emmanuel Macron « vient de porter un nouveau coup à la crédibilité de la dissuasion nucléaire française ». Celle-ci « ne se partage pas » et « sous couvert de défense du sol européen, Macron veut liquider l’autonomie stratégique française », a dénoncé sur X le député LFI Bastien Lachaud, spécialiste des questions de défense.

A l’extrême droite, l’eurodéputé RN Thierry Mariani a affirmé, également sur X, que « Macron est en train de devenir un danger national ». « Après l’arme nucléaire, suivra le siège permanent de la France au conseil de sécurité de l’ONU qui sera lui aussi bradé à l’Union Européenne », s’est-il insurgé.

A l’inverse, la tête de liste des Ecologistes aux européennes Marie Toussaint, favorable à un « saut fédéral européen », a considéré que cela signifiait le « partage de cette force qu’est l’arme française, donc le nucléaire aussi ».

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