Das ist Bisphenol A – und darum solltest du aufpassen

Wie gefährlich ist BPA? Die Behörden sind sich uneins, eine Lebensmittelexpertin rät zur Vorsicht.

Die Stiftung Warentest hat Dosen-Food getestet und fast in allen Konserven Bisphenol A (BPA) gefunden, das die Fruchtbarkeit beeinträchtigen kann. Darauf musst du achten, wenn du den Stoff vermeiden willst.

Das ist Bisphenol A

«Bisphenol A ist eine Substanz, mit der wir in unserem alltäglichen Leben oft in Kontakt kommen», schreibt das Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG). BPA ist der Grundbaustein für die Herstellung von Polycarbonat, ein breit eingesetzter Kunststoff in gängigen Konsumgütern.

Hier steckt Bisphenol A überall drin

BPA ist zum Beispiel in Flaschen, Lebensmittelbehältern, CDs, Kesseln, medizinischen Geräten und Spielzeug enthalten, wie das BAG sagt. In Form von Epoxidharz findet sich der Stoff auch in Dosen. Als Farbentwickler ist er in Thermopapieren drin. Dieses habe zum Beispiel der Schweizer Handel für Quittungen an den Kassen verwendet, seit Dezember 2020 sei das aber verboten, sagt Christine Brombach von der Forschungsgruppe für Lebensmittel-Sensorik der Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften auf Anfrage.

So schädlich ist Bisphenol A für Menschen

Der Stoff ist laut BAG «wegen seiner Aktivität als endokriner Disruptor» umstritten. Das bedeutet, dass er den Hormonhaushalt durcheinanderbringen kann. Er kann die Wirkung des weiblichen Sexualhormons Östrogen nachahmen, einfach mit einer viel geringeren Stärke. In hohen Dosen beeinträchtige der Stoff die Fortpflanzung und die fötale Entwicklung. Gemäss aktuellem Wissensstand gebe es aber kein Gesundheitsrisiko, da die Belastung für die Bevölkerung zu gering sei.

Darum solltest du trotzdem aufpassen

Brombach ist bei Bisphenol A trotzdem vorsichtig: «Überspitzt gesagt, ist der Stoff ein Hormongift, das in hohen Mengen gefährlich sein kann.» Eigentlich habe Bisphenol A in unserer Ernährung nichts zu suchen. Zudem hätten Tierversuche gezeigt, dass der chemische Stoff in hohen Mengen chronisch wirken könne. Die Ergebnisse dieser Tests seien aber nicht 1:1 auf die Menschen übertragbar.

Darum sind sich die Behörden uneins

Doch was ist eine gefährliche Menge? EU-Behörden sind sich uneins, obwohl Bisphenol A laut Brombach eine der bestuntersuchten Substanzen weltweit ist. Ein Grund dafür seien unterschiedliche Bemessungsgrundlagen für Kinder, Erwachsene, Schwangere etc. Auch Fehler in Studien, die nicht immer replizierbar seien, stifteten Verwirrung.

So ist die Gesetzeslage in der Schweiz

In der Schweiz gebe es Grenzwerte für den Kunststoff, sagt Brombach, in Babyflaschen sei er verboten. Die Schweiz orientiere sich an der EU-Gesetzgebung, die gesetzlichen Regelungen seien sinnvoll und sorgten dafür, dass die Bevölkerung weniger oft mit Bisphenol A in Kontakt komme.

Darauf solltest du nun achten

Brombach empfiehlt, Trinkflaschen aus normalem Plastik zu vermeiden und stattdessen solche aus Glas, Edelstahl oder Bioplastik zu nutzen. Zudem sei es sinnvoll, Lebensmittel zu wählen, die in Glas statt in Dosen seien.

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