Cambiamento climatico, serpenti velenosi migreranno per adattarsi

cambiamento climatico, serpenti velenosi migreranno per adattarsi

serpente, serpenti, veleno, velenosi, mamba verde orientale

Uno studio pubblicato sulla rivista Lancet Planetary Health stabilisce, in base a modelli predittivi, che entro il 2070 si verificheranno perdite sostanziali di aree potenzialmente adatte per la sopravvivenza della maggior parte delle specie di serpenti velenosi. Per questo motivo alcune specie ad alto rischio per la salute pubblica potrebbero migrare in aree a loro climaticamente più adatte. Paesi come Niger, Namibia, Cina, Nepal e Myanmar potrebbero dunque vedere arrivare diverse specie di serpenti velenosi dai paesi vicini. Inoltre, la combinazione di un aumento delle aree climaticamente adatte e di fattori socioeconomici (tra cui popolazioni a basso reddito e rurale) con scarsi presidi sanitari potrebbe aumentare la vulnerabilità ai morsi di serpente con potenziali effetti sulla salute pubblica umana e veterinaria.

La migrazione dei serpenti potrebbe avere anche altre conseguenze: influenzerà il funzionamento degli ecosistemi e comporterà la perdita di preziose risorse genetiche. Inoltre, il cambiamento climatico creerà nuove sfide per la salute pubblica in diversi paesi a basso reddito, in particolare nel sud-est asiatico e in Africa.

Ogni anno, in tutto il mondo, si verificano milioni di avvelenamenti tramite morsi e punture di animali, che talvolta causano morti e conseguenze fisiche e psicologiche a lungo termine. L’avvelenamento da morsi di serpente è stato classificato dall’OMS come una malattia tropicale trascurata. Si stima che ogni anno tra 81.000 e 138.000 persone muoiano e circa 400.000 rimangano con disabilità permanenti a causa dei morsi di serpente, principalmente nell’Asia orientale, nell’Africa sub-sahariana e nella regione neotropicale. I morsi di serpente colpiscono prevalentemente agricoltori e giovani lavoratori rurali nei paesi a basso reddito. Inoltre, l’avvelenamento da morsi di serpente è una questione veterinaria cruciale: è associato a gravi perdite di bestiame, che hanno gravi conseguenze economiche e peggiorano la crisi alimentare per le famiglie e le comunità nelle aree rurali più povere.

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