"월 700만 원 벌지만, 저는 하층입니다" 이유가 뭐길래

사진=연합뉴스

사진=연합뉴스

[파이낸셜뉴스]  월 소득 700만 원이 넘는 고소득 가구지만 정작 자신들은 ‘중산층’이나 심지어 ‘하층’으로 인식한다는 조사 결과가 나와 그 배경에 관심이 쏠린다. 지난 10년간 상위 20% 고소득 가구의 소득 점유율이 줄어들고 소득이 일부 축소된 고소득 가구를 중심으로 해당 인식이 확산하고 있다는 분석이다. 여전히 잘 살기는 하지만 소득이 일부 줄어든 계층에서 이 같은 ‘자학증세’가 나타나고 있다는 의미다.

8일 황수경 한국개발연구원(KDI) 선임연구원·이창근 KDI 국제정책대학원 교수의 ‘한국의 중산층은 누구인가’ 보고서에 따르면 지난해 약 3000명을 대상으로 설문 조사한 결과 스스로 상층이라고 생각하는 사람은 전체 2.9%에 불과한 것으로 조사됐다. 이는 보통 상위 20%를 상층으로 분류하는 것과는 다른 결과다.

특히 월 소득 700만 원이 넘는 고소득 가구 중에서도 자신을 상층이라고 생각하는 비율은 11.3%에 불과했다. 76.4%는 자신을 중산층으로 여겼고 심지어 12.2%는 하층으로 생각했다.

연구진은 실제로는 상층이면서 중산층이라고 생각하는 이들의 소득 여건이 악화했기 때문일 수 있다고 해석했다. 실제 지난 10년(2011~2021년)간 소득 하위 80%에 해당하는 1~4분위의 전체 소득 점유율이 증가했지만 소득 상위 20%인 5분위의 점유율은 44.3%에서 40.0%로 줄었다.

연구진은 사회경제 계층을 상층, 심리적 비(非)상층, 핵심 중산층, 취약 중산층, 하층 5개로 분류한 결과, 고소득층이면서 스스로 상층이 아니라고 여기는 이른바 ‘심리적 비상층’의 고학력·고소득, 관리직·전문직 비율, 자가 보유 비율이 가장 높은 것으로 집계됐다.

연구진은 “심리적 비상층의 견해가 중산층의 사회적 니즈(요구)로 과대 포장될 가능성을 경계할 필요가 있다”고 분석했다. 또 “소득 상위 10% 혹은 자산 상위 10%에 속하는 사람 중에서도 각각 71.1%, 78.4%가 자신을 여전히 중산층으로 판단하고 있었다”며 “객관적 계층과 주관적 계층 의식 간의 괴리가 확연하게 나타나고 있는 것”이라고 밝혔다.

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