“공포감마저 느꼈다”...현대차·기아, 중국서 안 팔릴 수밖에[백카(CAR)사전]

자동차 산업은 무서울 정도로 빠르게 변하고 있습니다. 쉴 새 없이 신차가 쏟아지고, 하루가 다르게 기술 수준이 발전합니다. 이 과정에서 각종 사건 사고가 발생하기도 합니다. 자동차 관련 정보는 정말 방대합니다. 그래서 나에게 꼭 필요한 정보를 얻는 것이 쉽지 않습니다. 지식을 모아서 정리한 책인 백과사전처럼 ‘백카(CAR)사전’ 코너를 통해 자동차와 연관된 유용한 정보를 전달하고자 합니다. [편집자주]

“공포감마저 느꼈다”...현대차·기아, 중국서 안 팔릴 수밖에[백카(car)사전]

중국 베이징 시내의 한 도로에서 신호 대기 중인 차들의 모습. [사진 이지완 기자]

[이코노미스트(베이징) 이지완 기자] “오랜만에 중국에 왔다. 그런데 현대차가 너무 없어서 놀랐다.”

2024 오토차이나(베이징 모터쇼) 현장에서 만난 현대자동차그룹 소속 관계자의 말이다. 이 말에 공감하지 않을 수 없었다. 지난 23일부터 26일까지 3박 4일간 중국 베이징에 체류하면서 현대차·기아를 보기 어려웠다. 이 기간 베이징 시내에서 본 현대차·기아는 싼타페, 투싼, 아반떼(중국명 엘란트라), EV5 딱 4대가 전부였다. 그 마저도 절반은 공안(현지 경찰)차였다.

현재 현대차그룹의 중국 시장 내 입지는 사상 ‘최악’이다. 지난해 시장 점유율이 1.6% 수준까지 떨어졌다. 2002년 처음 중국 시장에 진출해 한때 10% 이상의 점유율을 차지했던 현대차그룹의 모습은 더 이상 없다.

시장에서 입지가 좁아지니 중국법인의 매출도 자연스럽게 급감했다. ‘2017년 사드’(고고도미사일방어체계) 사태 이전과 비교하면 ‘하늘과 땅’차이다. 업계는 현대차그룹의 중국 실적이 악화된 주요 원인 중 하나로 사드 사태를 꼽는다.

현대차의 중국법인 북경현대기차의 지난해 매출액은 4조7632억원이다. 20조1287억원을 기록했던 지난 2016년과 비교하면 약 77% 줄어든 것이다. 같은 기간 기아 중국법인 강소열달기아기차의 매출액은 2조4706억원으로 약 75% 감소했다.

현대차그룹은 중국법인 경영 악화로 일부 자산까지 매각했다. 한때 5개(베이징 1~3·창저우·충칭)까지 가동되던 현지 공장은 3개(베이징 2~3·창저우)로 줄었다. 올해 현대차는 창저우 공장의 추가 매각을 추진할 예정이다. 기아는 장쑤성 옌청 1공장을 2019년 매각했다. 현재 옌청 2공장만 가동 중이다. 사드 사태 이후 현대차그룹이 잃어버린 7년. 현재 상황은 그 어느 때보다 어렵다.

“공포감마저 느꼈다”...현대차·기아, 중국서 안 팔릴 수밖에[백카(car)사전]

상하이자동차 페이펑 r7 내부. [사진 한국자동차전문기자협회]

그럼에도 현대차그룹은 중국 시장을 포기하지 않는다. 절대적인 수요가 워낙 많아서다. 중국자동차공업협회에 따르면 중국의 지난해 신차 판매 대수는 3009만대로 집계됐다. 이 가운데 전기차(PHEV 포함)는 841만3000대로 나타났다.

현대차그룹은 이번 베이징 모터쇼에 역대급 인원을 파견하며 현지 공략에 대한 의지를 내비쳤다. 현장에 파견된 그룹 소속 직원(계열사 포함)은 약 1200명인 것으로 알려졌다. 중국 시장의 트렌드를 확인하고, 위기를 타개할 해법을 모색하기 위함이다.

물론 분위기 반전이 쉽지는 않아 보인다. 8년 전과 비교하면 중국 현지 자동차의 기술 수준이 너무 많이 올라왔기 때문이다. 2024 오토차이나(베이징 모터쇼)에 함께 한 한국 취재진은 “브랜드 로고만 바꾸면 유럽 수입차라고 해도 모를 정도”라고 평가했다.

중국의 성장은 무서울 정도다. 중국의 BYD는 어느덧 글로벌 전기차 1위 업체가 됐다. 중국의 또 다른 전기차 업체 니오는 배터리 탈부착 기술을 현지에서 상용화하는 데 성공했다. 국내는 이제 막 걸음마를 뗀 수준이다.

베이징 모터쇼에서 본 상하이자동차의 인포테인먼트 시스템은 메르세데스-벤츠의 MBUX와 비교해도 부족함이 없어 보였다. 샤오미와 화웨이 등 중국 가전업체는 자체적으로 순수 전기차를 선보여 충격과 공포를 안겼다. 이제 자동차 제작은 완성차 업체의 전유물이 아니다. 애플과 다이슨도 포기한 그 일을 중국이 해냈다.

중국 현지에서 만난 자동차 업계 한 관계자는 “중국을 10년 만에 왔는데 너무 많은 것이 바뀌었다”면서 “예전에 알던 중국이 아니다. 단기간에 발전하는 모습은 충격을 넘어 공포감마저 느끼게 한다”고 말했다.

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