「真夏日」予想、熱中症に注意 専門家「すぐに水分を」

「真夏日」予想、熱中症に注意 専門家「すぐに水分を」

熱中症予防で注意すること

 5日も全国的に晴れ、最高気温が30度以上の「真夏日」が一部地域で予想される。注意が必要なのは熱中症への対応だ。熱中症に詳しい中部国際医療センター(岐阜県美濃加茂市)の奥寺敬・集中治療部長は「熱中症は死に至る恐れのある一方で、適切に対応すれば、防ぎやすい病気」と、事前の予防の必要性を訴える。

中部国際医療センターの奥寺敬集中治療部長=奥寺さん提供

 奥寺さんによると、熱中症は、過剰な運動や湿度が高い環境によって、十分に発汗できず、身体の熱の放出が追いつかなくなった時に出る症状だ。「暑さに慣れていない時期に気温が上がった場合は相当注意しなければならない。のどが渇くのは危険信号。軽い作業でもこれぐらい大丈夫と思わないで、定期的に水分を取って」と呼びかける。

■乳幼児や高齢者へはサポートを

 予防の基本は、水分補給とエアコンなどで室内の気温を適切に保つこと。乳幼児や高齢者は一人での水分補給が難しいため、周りにいる人たちのサポートが必要だ。高齢者はトイレに行くのが煩わしくなってしまい、水分を控えたり、のどの渇きを気が付きづらい傾向もあるという。奥寺さんは「トイレに行って動くことは『リハビリ』と割り切る。1時間に一杯お茶を飲むなど意識的に水分摂取をして」と指摘する。

 一方、健康な人でも、寝不足で交感神経の機能が下がり、発汗作用が低下した時や、アルコールを飲んだ後は身体の水分が失われているので、注意が必要だ。

 また、水分補給の際は、汗で失われた塩分も一緒にとるのが望ましく、手に塩をつけてなめるだけでもいい。ただ、注意しなければならないのは、糖分を多く含むスポーツドリンクの飲み過ぎだという。血糖が上がり、尿を出そうとして、身体の水分が失われてしまう恐れがあるため、2倍程度に薄めて飲んだ方がいいという。

■「熱中症?」と感じた時は涼しい場所に

 それでも、熱中症になってしまった時はどうしたらいいのか。めまいや、たくさんの汗をかくなど、初期症状が出たときは、涼しいところで休み、大きな血管が通る首やわきの下、足の付け根などを冷やす。氷がなくても、タオルを水にぬらせば十分だという。ただ、頭が痛かったり、嘔吐(おうと)をしたり、受け答えがおかしくなったりした場合は、「かなり危険な状態」で、すぐに受診が必要という。

 奥寺さんは、まずは自身で日々の天候や気温に関心を持ち、それに合わせて服装を考えたり、予防の知識を身に付けたりすることが大切と考える。「熱中症は夏の恒例の『災害』だが、防げる。すぐに、しつこく、水分を取って欲しい」と話す。(関口佳代子)

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