Πώς να μειώσετε το φόρο εισοδήματος

πώς να μειώσετε το φόρο εισοδήματος

Πώς να μειώσετε το φόρο εισοδήματος

του Χρυσόστομου Τσούφη

Το νέο Ε1, του οποίου η ανάρτηση είναι θέμα ίσως και μερικών ωρών, για αρκετούς είναι μια πολύ απλή υπόθεση. Αν είναι μισθωτοί και συνταξιούχοι χωρίς πρόσθετα εισοδήματα, το μόνο που έχουν να κάνουν είναι απλά να το διατρέξουν και πατήσουν το enter για την υποβολή της δήλωσης. Κι από φέτος δεν χρειάζεται καν να το πατήσουν, θα το κάνει η ΑΑΔΕ για αυτούς.

Για πολύ περισσότερους όμως η μη ορθή συμπλήρωση των κωδικών θα τους βάλει σε μπελάδες αφού οδηγεί σε «φουσκωμένο» φόρο.

Ιδιαίτερη προσοχή λοιπόν χρειάζεται στα εξής σημεία:

Μισθοί – συντάξεις: Τα στοιχεία είναι προσυμπληρωμένα (κωδικοί 3370338) μεν, αλλά ο έλεγχος δεν βλάπτει. Υπάρχουν περιπτώσεις που οι βεβαιώσεις αποδοχών περιέχουν λάθη, τα οποία αν δεν διορθωθούν, οδηγούν σε αυξημένο φόρο.

Νέοι επιχειρηματίες: Όσοι υποβάλουν για πρώτη φορά δήλωση κι έχουν εισόδημα από επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα πρέπει να συμπληρώσουν τους κωδικούς 327-328 ώστε η προκαταβολή φόρου να μειωθεί στο μισό.

Επιπλέον οι νέοι επιτηδευματίες με εισόδημα έως 10.000€ πρέπει να συμπληρώσουν και τους κωδικούς 017-018, ώστε να μειωθεί στο μισό (4,5% από 9%) ο συντελεστής φορολόγησης.

 

«Μπλοκάκια»: Οι φορολογούμενοι που αμείβονται με «μπλοκάκι» πρέπει να το δηλώσουν. Μόνο έτσι εξασφαλίζουν έκπτωση φόρου:

  • έως 777€ για τον άγαμο
  • έως 810€ για τον έγγαμο με ένα εξαρτώμενο τέκνο
  • έως 900€ για τον έγγαμο με 2 εξαρτώμενα τέκνα
  • έως 1.120€ για τον έγγαμο με 3 εξαρτώμενα τέκνα

Ηλικιωμένοι: Οι φορολογούμενοι που έχουν συμπληρώσει το 70ο έτος της ηλικίας τους απαλλάσσονται από την υποχρέωση της κάλυψης του 30% του εισοδήματος τους με ηλεκτρονικές αποδείξεις. Το ίδιο ισχύει και για τους μόνιμους κατοίκους χωριών έως 500 κατοίκους και νησιών με έως 3.100 κατοίκους. Προϋπόθεση η συμπλήρωση των κωδικών 023-024.

Όσοι είναι γεννημένοι έως τις 31/12/1961, είναι δηλαδή 63 ετών, κι ασκούν επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα, επίσης πρέπει να το δηλώσουν για να απαλλαγούν από το τέλος επιτηδεύματος.

Ανείσπρακτα ενοίκια: Οι ιδιοκτήτες ακινήτων που εκμισθώνουν τα ακίνητα τους αλλά δεν εισπράττουν τα ενοίκια, για να γλιτώσουν τη φορολόγηση θα πρέπει να έχουν στείλει εξώδικο στον ενοικιαστή. Τα μη εισπραχθέντα ποσά των ενοικίων δηλώνονται στους κωδικούς 125-126.

Ασφαλιστικές εισφορές: Οι εισφορές που κατέβαλαν οι ασφαλισμένοι σε φορείς υποχρεωτικής ασφάλισης για να εξαγοράσουν χρόνο ασφάλισης ( λ.χ. στρατιωτική θητεία) μειώνουν το φορολογητέο εισόδημα. Αρκεί να αναγραφούν στον αντίστοιχο κωδικό.

Άλλα ποσά: Υπάρχουν ορισμένες κατηγορίες εισοδημάτων που και απαλλάσσονται από τον φόρο εισοδήματος και ταυτόχρονα μπορούν να καλύψουν τεκμήρια. Δηλώνονται στους κωδικούς 781-782 και περιλαμβάνουν:

  • Πωλήσεις ακινήτων και άλλων περιουσιακών στοιχείων
  • Εφάπαξ
  • Δάνεια
  • Κληρονομιές – Γονικές Δωρεές
  • Κέρδη από τυχερά παιχνίδια
  • Προνοιακά επιδόματα
  • Αποζημιώσεις ειδικού σκοπού
  • Αποζημιώσεις ηθικής βλάβης

Δωρεές προς το Δημόσιο: Για ποσά άνω των 100€ μειώνουν το φόρο εισοδήματος κατά το 10% του ύψους τους. Δηλαδή για δωρεά 1000€, ο φόρος μειώνεται κατά 100€. Μια δωρεά δεν μπορεί όμως να ξεπερνά το 5% του φορολογητέου εισοδήματος του φορολογούμενου και αναγράφεται στους κωδικούς 059-060.

Τεκμήρια: Η φοιτητική κατοικία των τέκνων που σπουδάζουν μακριά από τον τόπο μόνιμης διαμονής δηλώνεται ως δευτερεύουσα κατοικία του γονέα ώστε το τεκμήριο να βαραίνει εκείνον.

Ένα τέκνο -ανήλικο ή ενήλικο- θεωρείται εξαρτώμενο εφόσον το ετήσιο εισόδημα του -πραγματικό ή τεκμαρτό- δεν ξεπερνά τις 3.000€ ή τις 6.000€ αν πρόκειται έχει αναπηρία άνω του 67%.

Κενές ή ημιτελείς κατοικίες δεν έχουν τεκμήριο. Συμπληρώνονται όμως στο Ε2 και όχι στο Ε1.

Φορολογική δήλωση υποχρεούνται να υποβάλουν όλοι όσοι είχαν συμπληρώσει το 18ο έτος της ηλικίας τους μέχρι την τελευταία ημέρα του 2023 και έχουν πραγματικό ή τεκμαρτό εισόδημα έστω κι 1€.

Πηγή: skai.gr

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