Wie Mercedes die US-Justiz im Dieselskandal überzeugt hat

wie mercedes die us-justiz im dieselskandal überzeugt hat

Das amerikanische Justizministerium in Washington

Es ist ein unscheinbarer Brief, er enthält nur wenige Zeilen, hat aber beim baden-württembergischen Traditionskonzern Mercedes für ein großes Aufatmen gesorgt. In ihm schreibt das US-amerikanische Justizministerium dem Autohersteller, dass die seit 2016 laufenden Untersuchungen wegen möglicher Manipulationen von Dieselantrieben eingestellt werden. „Das Ministerium hat uns mitgeteilt, dass es auf Grundlage der bisherigen Informationen seine strafrechtlichen Ermittlungen abgeschlossen hat. Es wird keine Anklage erheben“, bestätigte ein Sprecher auf Anfrage.

In der Konzernzentrale des Unternehmens in Stuttgart herrschte nach dem Eintreffen des Briefes Erleichterung. „Mit der Entscheidung des Justizministeriums machen wir einen weiteren wichtigen Schritt in Richtung Rechtssicherheit in Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen Dieselverfahren“, sagt Renata Jungo Brüngger, bei Mercedes-Benz Vorständin für Integrität, Governance und Nachhaltigkeit. „Wir haben vollumfänglich mit dem US-Justizministerium kooperiert und den Sachverhalt mit sehr hohem Aufwand transparent gemacht. Wir haben diesem Verfahren von Anfang an sehr hohe Priorität eingeräumt.“

Angst, wie VW im Dieselsumpf zu versinken

Das Schreiben, das der F.A.Z. vorliegt, hat das Unternehmen im März erreicht und beendet Jahre der Ungewissheit. Als das US-Justizministerium im April 2016 seine Ermittlungen im Dieselskandal auch auf Mercedes ausweitete, war der Schreck groß. Gerade einmal sieben Monate zuvor hatte die amerikanische Umweltbehörde EPA ihre Vorwürfe gegen Volkswagen wegen Verstößen gegen Abgasvorschriften öffentlich gemacht und den Konzern in die schwerste Krise seiner Geschichte gestürzt. Wenige Tage nach Bekanntwerden trat Vorstandschef Martin Winterkorn zurück; die Staatsanwaltschaft durchsuchte VW-Geschäftsräume; das Unternehmen rief Millionen von Fahrzeugen zurück.

Als Mercedes am 22. April 2016 mit einer Ad-hoc-Meldung auf die Ausweitung der Untersuchung reagierte, sackte der Aktienkurs ab. Wie in den Vereinigten Staaten üblich, begann Mercedes mit einer internen Prüfung der Vorwürfe unter Aufsicht einer externen Rechtsanwaltskanzlei, die für die Unabhängigkeit der Untersuchung bürgt. In diesem Fall war es die Großkanzlei Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher mit Sitz in Los Angeles. Die Ermittlungen befassten sich nach Angaben von Mercedes mit dem möglicherweise kriminellen Verhalten von Mitarbeitern oder Vertretern des Unternehmens „in Bezug auf die Kalibrierung und Offenlegung von Funktionalitäten der Emissionskontrollsysteme“ von Dieselfahrzeugen.

US-Justiz äußert sich nicht zu Gründen

Warum die US-Behörden ihre Ermittlungen nun eingestellt haben, ist bislang nicht bekannt. „Das Justizministerium hat sich dazu nicht weiter geäußert“, sagte der Sprecher. Grundlage für eine solche Einstellungsentscheidung sind die sogenannten Filip-Faktoren, benannt nach dem früheren US-Justizminister Mark Filip. Die Kriterien bewerten etwa die Schwere der Straftat, die Bereitschaft zur Zusammenarbeit, die Wirksamkeit von neuen Kontrollmechanismen oder auch das Engagement, Schäden auszugleichen.

Mercedes hat sich im gesamten Verfahren hilfsbereit und reumütig gegeben. „Wir haben fortlaufend vollumfänglich mit dem Justizministerium kooperiert. Dies umfasste unter anderem auch die Vorlage von mehr als 300.000 Dokumenten“, sagte der Sprecher. „In den vergangenen Jahren haben wir erhebliche Ressourcen in die Wirksamkeit unseres technischen Compliance-Management-Systems investiert.“

Mit dem Eintreffen des Briefes sind die strafrechtlichen Ermittlungen in den USA für Mercedes nun ausgestanden. Zu der akzeptierten Geldbuße an die Staatsanwaltschaft Stuttgart in Höhe von 870 Millionen Euro, dem zivilrechtlichen Vergleich mit Sammelklägern in den USA in Höhe von 1,9 Milliarden Euro und dem Schadenersatz für kanadische Kunden in Höhe von 175 Millionen Euro kommen aus den Ermittlungen der US-Justiz keine weiteren Strafzahlungen. Offen sind allerdings unter anderem noch mehr als 20.000 Kundenklagen in Deutschland.

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