Tatequieto a la Contraloría para levantar velo corporativo: ¿qué significa?

La Corte Constitucional tumbó un artículo de una reciente Ley contra la corrupción, la cual le permitía a la Contraloría levantar la protección que existe sobre los bienes de los accionistas o cabezas de las empresas investigadas por el órgano de control.

tatequieto a la contraloría para levantar velo corporativo: ¿qué significa?

Fachada de la Contraloría General de la República.

La Corte Constitucional acaba de ponerle límites a las funciones de la Contraloría General de la República. A través de un comunicado público, dio a conocer el sentido de una sentencia con la cual le prohíbe a este órgano de control levantar el velo corporativo de las empresas investigadas en casos de responsabilidad fiscal, aunque no manejaran recursos públicos. Para la Corte, era una extralimitación de funciones que no le corresponde y cuya decisión solo puede depender de un juez de la Nación.

El velo corporativo es, en términos coloquiales, una barrera que protege los bienes de los principales accionistas o altos representantes societarios de una empresa, ante procesos judiciales en los cuales se esté jugando el patrimonio o parte del patrimonio de esa misma empresa. El velo les permite a los socios de una empresa proteger sus bienes y separarlos de los procesos ante la justicia. Con la Ley 2195 de 2022 eso había cambiado. Sin embargo, tras estudiar una demanda ciudadana, la Corte Constitucional dio vuelta al artículo que permitía levantar el velo corporativo.

“La Sala Plena encontró que el artículo 65 de la Ley 2195 de 2022 desborda las competencias constitucionales de la Contraloría General de la República y, por ende, es inconstitucional al extenderse a particulares (o terceros) que no tienen la calidad de gestores fiscales”, explicó la Corte Constitucional. Con esa frase quiere decir que el artículo era contrario a los derechos que protege la Constitución, dado que una decisión de esa naturaleza no procede contra empresas o terceros que no gestionan recursos públicos, como lo son los gestores fiscales.

En definitiva, para la Corte Constitucional se trataba de un artículo que desbordaba las funciones de la Contraloría y, en general, no permitía determinar la vinculación de estos particulares como presuntos responsables de procesos de responsabilidad fiscal, como lo establecía la Ley. De otro lado, la alta corte encontró que la Contraloría no puede, tampoco, tener las funciones que únicamente se le otorgan a los jueces de la República, quienes sí pueden levantar el velo corporativo de sociedades si lo ven necesario.

“El decreto como prueba del levantamiento del velo corporativo ‘con el fin de identificar a los controlantes, socios, aportantes o beneficiarios reales, y de determinar si procede su vinculación como presuntos responsables al proceso’ desconoce las garantías de aseguramiento estricto de la imparcialidad e independencia en la administración de justicia, y aquellas relacionadas con el ejercicio del derecho de defensa y contradicción de sujetos ajenos a la gestión fiscal y diferentes de la persona jurídica presuntamente responsable”, concluyó la alta corte.

Para conocer más sobre justicia, seguridad y derechos humanos, visite la sección Judicial de El Espectador.

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