Störaktionen Russlands? Tausende Verkehrsflugzeuge mit Problemen über Osteuropa

Folge des Ukraine-Kriegs

Störaktionen Russlands? Tausende Verkehrsflugzeuge mit Problemen über Osteuropa

störaktionen russlands? tausende verkehrsflugzeuge mit problemen über osteuropa

Flughafen, Airport, ryanair flugzeug gps signal russland störaktionen

Im zivilen Luftverkehr werden GPS-Störungen über Osteuropa immer häufiger – eine Herausforderung für die Flugsicherheit. Experten sehen Moskau in der Verantwortung.

Köln – 46.000 Flugzeuge über der Ostsee waren seit vergangenem August von GPS-Störungen betroffen. Das geht aus Daten der Monitoring-Seite GPSJAM.org hervor, über die The Sun berichtete. Selbst der Flieger des britischen Verteidigungsministers Grant Shapps war im März bei einem Flug nahe der russischen Exklave Kaliningrad nicht vor gezielten Störungen der Satellitenkommunikation gefeit. Die Agentur für Flugsicherheit (EASA) reagierte nun auf die Bedrohung.

Warnung vor Sicherheitsrisiken für Flugzeuge: GPS-Störungen in Europa bereiten Sorgen

Im an Russland grenzenden Estland gebe es pro Tag zehn bis 20 Berichte von Piloten über GPS-Störungen, teilte der Leiter der Flugsicherung des baltischen Landes, Ivar Värk, Anfang April im estnischen Fernsehen mit. Nach seiner Einschätzung seien die Vorfälle wahrscheinlich darauf zurückzuführen, dass Russland mittels GPS-Jamming – also der Störung des GPS-Signals – ukrainische Angriffsdrohnen abwehren wolle. „Wir haben einen starken Anstieg der Angriffe auf diese Systeme beobachtet, was ein Sicherheitsrisiko darstellt“, sagte Luc Tytgat, der Exekutivdirektor der EASA, mit Blick auf die satellitengestützten Dienste. Auch ein Sprecher der Fluglinie Ryanair bestätigte eine Zunahme der Vorfälle gegenüber der britischen Zeitung The Guardian.

Die Störungen in Europa seien „zu einem wachsenden Problem für den zivilen Flugverkehr geworden, nicht nur in der Ostsee, sondern auch im Schwarzen Meer und im östlichen Mittelmeer“, schrieb der Russlandexperte Mark Galeotti jüngst in einem Gastbeitrag für den Spectator. Aus seiner Sicht sei klar, „dass Russland dahinter steckt.“ Auch von offizieller Seite sieht man das Problem: Die EASA teilte mit, dass sowohl das GPS-Jamming als auch das Spoofing „erhebliche Herausforderungen für die Flugsicherheit darstellen.“ Beim Spoofing geben die Daten einen anderen Standort als den tatsächlichen vor.

Nach Angaben der estnischen Behörde für Verbraucherschutz und technische Regulierung (TTJA) werden die GPS-Signalstörungen aus der russischen Region Leningrad nach Estland übertragen –  und haben seit Beginn des Ukraine-Kriegs im Februar 2022 stark zugenommen. Seit Anfang 2024 habe sich der Störbereich teils auch auf den Finnischen Meerbusen und Mittelestland ausgeweitet, sagte ein Behördensprecher dem estnischen Rundfunk. Finnland war im April 2023 dem Verteidigungsbündnis Nato beigetreten.

GPS-Probleme wegen Russland-Störungen im europäischen Flugverkehr: Diese Maßnahmen sollen Abhilfe schaffen

Die EASA kündigte zusammen mit der Internationale Air Transport Association (IATA) am vergangenen Freitag (26. April) in Köln Maßnahmen an, um die Positionierungs-, Navigations- und Zeitbestimmungsdienste der Flugzeuge widerstandsfähiger zu machen. Dazu zählen die Meldung und Weitergabe von Interferenzereignisdaten im globalen Navigationssatellitensystem (GNSS) und Anleitungen von Flugzeugherstellern für den Umgang mit Stör- und Spoofing-Situationen. Ebenso sollen relevante Interessensgruppen wie Fluggesellschaften oder Flughäfen über Angriffe informiert werden und Flugzeuge über nötige Backup-Systeme „traditioneller Navigationshilfen“ verfügen.

Glenn Bradley, der Leiter des Flugbetriebs bei der britischen Luftfahrbehörde CAA betonte indes, dass es bereits mehrere Sicherheitsprotokolle zum Schutz der Navigationssysteme von Verkehrsflugzeugen gebe. „GPS-Störungen wirken sich nicht direkt auf die Navigation eines Flugzeugs aus, und obwohl es sich um ein bekanntes Problem handelt, bedeutet dies nicht, dass ein Flugzeug absichtlich gestört worden ist“, so der Experte zu The Guardian. Unterm Strich wird Fliegen nach Daten des Bundesverbands der Deutschen Luftverkehrswirtschaft (BDL) immer sicherer. Im vergangenen Jahr wurden 4,6 Milliarden Passagiere befördert, im gleichen Zeitraum starben 80 Menschen bei Unglücken mit Passagierflugzeugen.

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