Sanità, liste d’attesa: pronta la stretta sul 20% delle ricette dei medici

sanità, liste d’attesa: pronta la stretta sul 20% delle ricette dei medici

Sanità, liste d’attesa: pronta la stretta sul 20% delle ricette dei medici

Sono troppe le prescrizioni di visite ed esami non necessarie che ingolfano il Servizio sanitario nazionale e allungano la coda degli italiani che aspettano di curarsi. Per provare a scalare la montagna delle liste d’attesa, che come ha appena certificato l’Istat sono il motivo principale per il quale 3 milioni di italiani rinunciano a curarsi, il Governo ha deciso che punterà non solo ad aumentare l’offerta di prestazioni, ma interverrà anche sulla domanda di salute. Come? Nel decreto sulle liste d’attesa «atteso in consiglio dei ministri entro 15 giorni», come ha ricordato ieri il ministro della Salute Orazio Schillaci uno dei capitoli più importanti riguarderà quello che gli addetti ai lavori chiamano “appropriatezza prescrittiva”: arginare cioè le troppe ricette dei medici di famiglia, ma anche degli specialisti di prestazioni spesso non necessarie e che rappresentano uno “spreco” secondo gli esperti che cuba fino a 10 miliardi l’anno. La medicina difensiva – la paura cioè di cause e lamentele dei pazienti su cui il Governo è intervenuto introducendo anche lo scudo penale per tutto il 2024 – spinge infatti molti camici bianchi a prescrivere una ecografia o una visita in più costringendo però così chi ne ha davvero bisogno ad aspettare di più. Secondo il ministro Schillaci questa richiesta inappropriata pesa almeno per il 20% delle prescrizioni complessive.

Tra gli altri capitoli del decreto – questa volta sul lato dell’offerta – si sta studiano anche la possibilità di consentire agli ospedali di “acquistare” dai propri medici prestazioni in libera professione (l’intramoenia che già molti camici bianchi fanno come attività privata nelle strutture Ssn) proprio per abbattere le liste d’attesa. Un altro passaggio importante sul quale servirà l’ok del ministero dell’Economia è anche il superamento graduale del tetto di spesa sul personale che limita le assunzioni delle Regioni nella Sanità a quanto speso nel 2004 meno l’1,4%, un primo passo in questa direzione potrebbe comparire nel decreto.

Ma torniamo al meccanismo che si sta mettendo in piedi per l’appropriatezza prescrittiva: innanzitutto per il medico sarà vincolante indicare nella ricetta il quesito diagnostico legato alla prestazione (secondo lo standard internazionale Icd-9-cm) in modo da tracciare bene tutte le prestazioni per aree diagnostiche grazie all’ampia disponibilità dei dati già oggi raccolti, ma che risultano spesso incompleti. In base al bacino di pazienti di ogni medico prescrittore si calcoleranno le ricette potenzialmente attese e nel caso di superamento di questo “tetto” di prescrizioni si accenderà una “spia rossa” che consentirà a ogni Regione di intervenire in una determinata area raggiungendo anche il singolo camice bianco per capire le ragioni delle troppe ricette e rimettendo così in linea i gruppi di medici o i dottori che prescrivono in modo anomalo.

Al momento non si sta pensando a “sanzioni” ad hoc anche se già in passato non sono mancate condanne per danno erariale della Corte dei conti per i medici iper-prescrittori. Su questo fronte aiuteranno anche le linee guida a cui sta lavorando l’Istituto superiore di Sanità a cui il decreto affiderà proprio il compito di indicare ai medici buone pratiche certificate dalle società scientifiche per aree terapeutiche che daranno più certezze ai medici sulle giuste prescrizioni di esami e terapie da seguire.

Il decreto – su cui proprio in questi giorni si stanno completando le verifiche con il Mef per le coperture – come detto interverrà anche sul lato dell’offerta: per abbattere le liste d’attesa le Asl avranno risorse fresche per pagare gli straordinari di medici e infermieri con l’Agenas, l’Agenzia dei servizi sanitari regionali, che monitorerà i tempi di attesa per singolo ospedale. «Vogliamo che finalmente in Italia, Regione per Regione, con una regia centrale si controlli dove e quali prestazioni mancano», ha ribadito ieri Schillaci. Con la possibilità, questa l’ipotesi che sta prendendo corpo, di poter anche comprare l’attività libero professionale (l’intramoenia) dai medici che finite le loro 8 ore potranno essere ingaggiati invece che dal cittadino, come accade oggi, direttamente dall’ospedale.

Si punterà nel caso ce ne sia bisogno ad acquistare le prestazioni per cui si è creata la coda anche dalle strutture private accreditate, unificando finalmente anche le agende delle strutture pubbliche e di quelle private accreditate i n modo tale che i Cup potranno smistare le richieste dei cittadini lì dove c’è maggiore disponibilità.

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