Penyakit Degeneratif Saraf, Apa Penyebab dan Gejalanya?

penyakit degeneratif saraf, apa penyebab dan gejalanya?

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TEMPO.CO, Jakarta – Aya Kito penulis buku harian atau diari dari Jepang. Ia menuliskan pengalaman hidup dengan penyakit degeneratif saraf. Ia lahir pada 19 Juli 1962. Aya Kito meninggal pada 23 Mei 1988. Keseluruhan catatannya itu disusun menjadi satu buku berjudul 1 Litre no Namida yang berarti 1 Liter Air Mata. Buku itu juga dikenal sebagai A Diary of Tears.

Apa itu degenaratif saraf?

Penyakit degeneratif saraf adalah kondisi yang mempengaruhi cara kerja tubuh. Mengutip MedlinePlus, gangguan degeneratif saraf bersifat progresif. Artinya kondisi ini akan semakin memburuk setiap waktu.

Penyakit degeneratif saraf memengaruhi aktivitas tubuh. Gejala degeneratif saraf antara lain keseimbangan, gerak, berbicara, bernapas, dan fungsi jantung. Penyakit ini juga bersifat genetik atau keturunan. Penyebab lainnya juga akibat masalah medis seperti tumor atau stroke.

Degeneratif saraf juga meliputi penyakit lainnya Alzheimer, Sklerosis lateral amiotrofia, Ataksia Friedreich, Huntington, Lewy, Parkinson dan atrofi otot tulang belakang.

Gejala degeneratif saraf

Merujuk Cleveand Clinic, secara umum berbagai jenis kondisi degeneratif saraf menyebabkan gejala, antara lain:

1. Penyakit tipe demensia

Gejalanya kebingungan, kehilangan ingatan, kesulitan berpikir atau berkonsentrasi, dan perubahan perilaku.

2. Penyakit demielinasi

Gejala umum termasuk kesemutan atau mati rasa, nyeri, kejang otot, kelemahan dan kelumpuhan, masalah koordinasi dan kelelahan.

3. Penyakit tipe Parkinson

Gejala mempengaruhi gerakan tubuh menjadi lambat, gemetar, masalah keseimbangan, langkah terseok-seok dan postur membungkuk.

4. Neuron motorik

Penyakit neuron motorik mempengaruhi bagian otak dan sistem saraf yang berfungsi untuk kontrol otot.

Penyebab degeneratif saraf

Mengutip Verywell Mind berikut beberapa penyebab penyakit degeneratif saraf.

1. Kerusakan neuron

Degeneratif saraf diduga tersebab kerusakan neuron di otak. Neuron membentuk sistem saraf yang meliputi otak dan sumsum tulang belakang. Ketika neuron rusak, maka tidak bisa menggantikan sendiri. Seiring bertambahnya usia, neuron-neuron ini mati. Seiring bertambahnya usia, otak menyusut.

2. Faktor lingkungan dan genetik

Sebagian besar kondisi itu diduga tersebab kombinasi faktor lingkungan seperti paparan jangka panjang terhadap racun dan bahan kimia tertentu. Dalam beberapa kasus, penyakit ini itu diwariskan melalui gen yang bermutasi yang menyebabkan degeneratif saraf. Kondisi pewarisan ini walaupun tidak mutlak, tapi bisa terpicu karena paparan faktor lingkungan itu.

3. Protein abnormal

Protein abnormal di otak juga diduga juga mempengaruhi degeneratif saraf. Protein abnormal menyebabkan sel saraf mati di otak. Contohnya seperti penyakit Alzheimer, protein yang dikenal sebagai beta-amyloid diduga memperburuk kondisi pasien.

Pilihan Editor: Waspada Penyakit Degeneratif Termasuk Penyakit Jantung, Alzheimer dan Parkinson

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