Minimální úrovně přírodovědné gramotnosti nedosahuje pětina prváků na SŠ

Praha – Ani minimální úrovně přírodovědné gramotnosti nedosahuje asi pětina žáků prvních ročníků středních škol. Mají zásadní problémy s řešením i těch nejjednodušších přírodovědných úloh. Jen minimální úrovně přírodovědné gramotnosti zároveň dosahuje 29 procent testovaných žáků. Vyplývá to z tematické zprávy České školní inspekce, která testovala přírodovědné znalosti studentů prvních ročníků středních škol v prvním pololetí školního roku 2022/2023. Cílem bylo podle inspekce zjistit, jakou úroveň znalostí mají děti, které aktuálně dokončily základní vzdělávání.

minimální úrovně přírodovědné gramotnosti nedosahuje pětina prváků na sš

Prázdná třída

Inspekce se v testování zaměřila na to, jak jsou žáci způsobilí využívat poznání z přírodních věd, klást relevantní otázky a na základě získaných informací porozumět přírodním jevům, což by mělo usnadňovat odpovědné rozhodování a jednání.

Testování podle inspekce potvrzuje, že na výsledky žáků má vliv jejich rodinné zázemí, na což upozorňuje dlouhodobě. Nejhůře na tom byli žáci nematuritních oborů, kteří mají podle inspekce v průměru i nižší socioekonomický status, z nichž nedosáhlo ani minimální úrovně 58 procent. Horších výsledků dosahovali i žáci, kteří studují společenskovědní maturitní obory, znalosti ani na minimální úrovně nemá 18 procent z nich. Minimální úrovně pak dosáhlo 43 procent. U přírodovědných maturitních oborů nedosáhlo ani minimální úrovně 12 procent žáků, jen minimální pak 36 procent.

Inspekce také zkoumala, jak jsou žáci připravení ze základní školy z pohledu středoškolských učitelů. Pedagogové hodnotí připravenost žáků různě, největší nedostatky mají podle nich žáci v analyzování dat z grafů a tabulek, spojování poznatků z více vzdělávacích oblastí nebo v pozorování a měření a experimentech. Naopak nejpříznivěji hodnotili středoškolští učitelé schopnosti žáků vyhledávat a porovnávat informace z různých zdrojů. Podle testu ČŠI dosahovali žáci nejnižší úspěšnosti při plánovaní experimentu, tedy v oblasti, která je náročná na kreativitu a badatelský přístup žáka.

Nejčastěji zaznamenanou formou výuky v přírodovědných předmětech je podle zjištění inspekce stále frontální výuka doprovázená poznámkami a zápisem žáků. V moderních přístupech k přírodovědnému vzdělávání je přitom zdůrazňované aktivní učení žáka, například využívání badatelské činnosti, podpora kreativity, experimentování nebo vlastního pozorování přírodních jevů.

Inspekce zkoumala i to, zda jsou učitelé přírodovědných předmětů aprobovaní. Největší problémy se zajištěním aprobované výuky byly podle ní v hodinách fyziky na druhém stupni základních škol. Ačkoliv byla míra aprobovanosti učitelů na druhých stupních ZŠ v přírodopise, chemii či zeměpise lepší, stále byla nižší než na středních školách a víceletých gymnáziích. Z hlediska regionů jsou největší problémy se zajištěním kvalifikovaných učitelů ve školách v Ústeckém, Karlovarském a Středočeském kraji. Zjištění jsou podle inspekce podobná jako v mimořádném průzkumu ministerstva školství z roku 2019.

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