México: aseguran que es demasiado pronto para hablar de una relajación económica y un recorte de tasas

La subgobernadora del Banco de México, Irene Espinosa, señaló que es demasiado pronto para hablar de un ciclo de flexibilización prolongado, a menos de un mes de que el banco central recortara las tasas de interés por primera vez desde 2021 y mientras los mercados esperan pistas sobre el siguiente paso.

Banxico, como se conoce al banco central, enfrenta algunos “problemas de credibilidad” respecto a la diferencia entre su proyección de inflación para fin de año del 3,6% y la estimación del mercado del 4,1%, dijo Espinosa el miércoles durante una entrevista con Bloomberg News tras un evento del Instituto de Finanzas Internacionales (IIF, por sus siglas en inglés), al margen de las reuniones de primavera del FMI en Washington.

Según Espinosa, no es un problema de credibilidad respecto del mandato o de la institución, sino relacionado con la expectativa que tiene el mercado respecto de lo que proyecta el banco.

méxico: aseguran que es demasiado pronto para hablar de una relajación económica y un recorte de tasas

Mexico’s Capital City Ahead Of GDP Figures

El 21 de marzo, Banxico recortó su tasa de referencia en un cuarto de punto, hasta el 11%, sumándose finalmente a la tendencia regional de flexibilización monetaria. Espinosa fue la única funcionaria que votó a favor de mantener la tasa sin cambios en un 11,25%.

Pero el banco, especialmente la gobernadora, Victoria Rodríguez Ceja, ha reiterado que los futuros ajustes a los costos de endeudamiento serán graduales y evaluados uno a la vez, dependiendo de la información disponible, por lo que la posibilidad de una pausa está sobre la mesa para la próxima reunión del 9 de mayo.

Espinosa dijo que Banxico sigue de cerca los movimientos de la Reserva Federal de Estados Unidos, pero no se apega a ellos. Aseguró además que no pedirá la reelección al cargo y que la decisión le corresponde al presidente.

En las actas de la última reunión, los responsables de la política monetaria expresaron preocupación por la resiliencia de la economía interna y la inflación, especialmente en el sector servicios. Ante estos riesgos, los miembros instaron a realizar pequeños ajustes y advirtieron contra reducciones rápidas en el futuro.

Espinosa señaló en las actas que la política monetaria enfrentaba desafíos adicionales, como las presiones de los aumentos salariales y una política fiscal expansiva.

El tema Pemex

Durante el evento del IIF, Espinosa dijo que hay urgencia en cuanto a la sostenibilidad fiscal de la estatal Petróleos Mexicanos.

Señaló que Pemex, como se conoce a la empresa, ha recibido mucho apoyo del Estado sin que haya habido cambios en su gobernanza ni en su modelo de negocio.

Advirtió que es una preocupación enorme que puede afectar la sostenibilidad fiscal, las calificaciones soberanas, y que afectaría en general los costos de financiamiento y a toda la economía mexicana.

Ante esta realidad, dijo que el tema de Pemex es una de las prioridades que debe resolver la próxima Administración.

Destacó que la cantidad de recursos que recibió Pemex en los últimos dos años es enorme. Entonces, advirtió, si se piensa en que el próximo año se volverá a la consolidación fiscal y que Pemex no ha cambiado su modelo de negocio, la necesidad no solo va a continuar, sino que va a aumentar.

 

La meta de inflación de Banxico es del 3%, más o menos un punto porcentual. Los precios al consumidor aumentaron un 4,42% en marzo respecto al mismo mes del año anterior, por debajo de la mediana de las estimaciones de los analistas encuestados por Bloomberg del 4,5%. La inflación mensual fue del 0,29%, también inferior a la estimación del 0,36%. La inflación subyacente, que excluye elementos volátiles como alimentos y combustibles, se desaceleró al 4,55% en comparación con el año anterior, por debajo de la proyección de los economistas del 4,63%.

El subgobernador de Banxico Jonathan Heath dijo anteriormente que la inflación no se ha desacelerado como el banco desearía debido a la política fiscal expansiva del Gobierno federal y a un mercado laboral ajustado.

Durante un pódcast de Banorte, Heath señaló que es importante ser muy cautelosos y tener mucha paciencia para no iniciar prematuramente un ciclo definitivo de normalización de la tasa de política monetaria.

Traducción de Paulina Munita

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