Marek Kozubal: Antyrakietowa kopuła europejska, czyli nie tylko niemiecka

Europejska tarcza antyrakietowa stała się elementem politycznej młócki, a przecież bezpieczeństwo państwa miało być z niej wyłączone.

marek kozubal: antyrakietowa kopuła europejska, czyli nie tylko niemiecka

Marek Kozubal: Antyrakietowa kopuła europejska, czyli nie tylko niemiecka

Były szef MON Mariusz Błaszczak (PiS) skrytykował pomysł premiera Donalda Tuska (KO) dołączenia Polski do programu europejskiej tarczy antyrakietowej (ESSI). Błaszczak stwierdził, że europejska tarcza antyrakietowa jest projektem, który funkcjonuje wyłącznie na papierze. – To europejska tarcza finansowa dla Niemiec przeznaczona, tak żeby wspierać niemiecki przemysł zbrojeniowy – ocenił Mariusz Błaszczak.

Antyniemiecka fobia PiS

No cóż, nie pierwszy raz PiS pokazał antyniemiecką fobię – warto przypomnieć, że gdy Błaszczak był ministrem, a jego szefem Jarosław Kaczyński, nie podobało im się, że Niemcy są gotowi wysłać do obrony polskiego nieba zestaw Patriot. Wcześniej Antoni Macierewicz wstrzymał na kilka lat zakup takich systemów. Zatem opowieści Mariusza Błaszczaka i wtórującej mu Beaty Szydło jakoby PiS zbudował polską kopułę, należy traktować z przymrużeniem oka.

Fakty są takie, że od wielu lat – ale nie od momentu, gdy w 2015 r. PiS wrócił do władzy, system obrony powietrznej stopniowo jest uzupełniany, można wręcz zaryzykować, że może on się stać najsilniejszą tarczą antyrakietową Europy. Ale na razie nie jest ona szczelna. Wielowarstwowy system oparty na programach „Poprad”, „Narew” i „Wisła” wspierają technologicznie Brytyjczycy i Amerykanie.

Co to jest ESSI

ESSI (European Sky Shield Initiative) został ogłoszony przez kanclerza Niemiec w 2022 roku. Teraz w programie tym uczestniczy 19 państw. Dzisiaj nie jest to jednak jeszcze system zintegrowany, ale w przyszłości daje szansę na obniżenie ceny poszczególnych elementów, poprzez dokonanie wspólnych zakupów. I to jest istotny plus tej koncepcji. Warto dodać, że weekendowe uderzenie Iranu na Izrael kosztowało ten pierwszy kraj 300 mln dol., a odpowiedź – czyli zestrzelenie lecących rakiet i dronów – 1,3 mld dol. Bo takie systemy są piekielnie drogie.

System polskiej tarczy nie obejmuje w tej chwili obrony pozwalającej na eliminowanie pocisków balistycznych. Oczywiście możemy zakładać, że taką rolę spełni w sytuacji kryzysowej amerykańska baza rakietowa w Redzikowie, ale właśnie program ESSI daje szansę na rozwój tego komponentu. Wiceminister ON Cezary Tomczyk uważa zaś, że korzystny mógłby być nasz udział w szkoleniach, rozwoju doktryn, wspólnych zakupach i utrzymaniu w ramach zarządzania cyklem życia wybranego sprzętu wojskowego.

Jesteśmy pod parasolem NATO

Dzisiaj każdy kraj buduje swoją – niejako autonomiczną – obronę rakietową, nie jest zatem tak, że jest to projekt papierowy. Sama tarcza istnieje, składa się z elementów tworzonych przez poszczególne państwa, a spina ją natowski system NATINADS, który odpowiada za obronę przestrzeni powietrznej państw sojuszniczych. W Polsce istnieją przecież systemy radarowe Backbone, które np. widzą ataki rakietowe w Ukrainie. To właśnie dzięki nim, a także systemom wczesnego ostrzegania polskie i sojusznicze samoloty wzbijają się w powietrze mniej więcej w tym samym czasie, gdy atak Rosji się rozpoczyna.

Zatem budowa własnej tarczy nie wyklucza udziału w programie europejskim.

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