"Malariamücke" nach 50 Jahren wieder in Italien aufgetaucht

“Malariamücke” nach 50 Jahren wieder in Italien aufgetaucht

Eine malariaübertragende Stechmücke ist in Italien nach 50 Jahren wieder aufgetaucht. Lokalisiert wurden Exemplare der Art “Anopheles sacharovi” in der Provinz Lecce in der süditalienischen Adria-Region Apulien.

Laut Forschern sei es notwendig, die Überwachung in Süditalien zu verstärken, um das Risiko einer Wiedereinschleppung der Krankheit zu verhindern, geht aus einer Studie von Italiens oberstem Gesundheitsinstitut ISS hervor.

“Das Vorhandensein der malariaübertragenden Stechmücke ist eine Information, die gebührend berücksichtigt werden muss. Wir überwachen ihre Verbreitung”, erklärte Pier Luigi Lopalco, Professor für Hygiene an der Universität von Salento. Das Vorhandensein dieser Art könne eine Folge des Klimawandels sein. “Wir sprechen sicherlich nicht von einer unmittelbaren Gefahr, dass die Malaria nach Italien zurückkommt. Aber es ist eine Warnung, die ernsthafte Schritte erfordert, um die Mückenüberwachung weiter zu verbessern und die Verbreitung von Malaria einzudämmen”, sagte der Experte laut Medienangaben.

Übertragungen in Tropen und Subtropen

Malaria ist eine Krankheit, die von einzelligen Parasiten der Gattung Plasmodium verursacht wird. Die Symptome treten sieben, 15 oder mehr Tage nach dem Stich des infizierten Insekts auf. Sie sind unterschiedlicher Natur, bestehen aber in der Regel aus oft sehr hohem Fieber, Kopfschmerzen, Erbrechen, Durchfall, Schweissausbrüchen und Schüttelfrost. Malaria wird heutzutage hauptsächlich in den Tropen und Subtropen durch den Stich einer weiblichen Stechmücke (Moskito) der Gattung Anopheles übertragen.

In Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz ist die Krankheit meldepflichtig. In der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts hatte Italien hart gegen die Malaria-Plage gekämpft. Viele sumpfartige Gebiete wurden trockengelegt, um die Verbreitung der Malaria zu stoppen.Auch in der Schweiz stellte Malaria bis zur Trockenlegung vieler Sümpfe ein Problem dar.

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