Mains rouges brandies par des étudiants de Sciences-po : pourquoi ce geste fait polémique ?

mains rouges brandies par des étudiants de sciences-po : pourquoi ce geste fait polémique ?

Des manifestants le 26 avril 2024 devant Sciences-po à Paris. AFP/Dimitar DILKOFF

En peignant leurs mains en rouge, les étudiants de Sciences-po Paris faisaient-ils l’apologie du meurtre de deux Israéliens ? Cette question tourne en boucle sur les réseaux sociaux ou les plateaux de télé depuis deux jours.

La polémique intervient après plusieurs rassemblements d’étudiants ces derniers jours devant Sciences-po Paris, réclamant la condamnation des attaques d’Israël sur la bande de Gaza et un cessez-le-feu. Sur plusieurs photos et vidéos, on peut voir que certains manifestants ont peint leurs mains en rouge et les ont brandies. Un geste qui a été qualifié d’antisémite car il serait associé au lynchage de deux Israéliens à Ramallah, en 2000 au début de la deuxième intifada.

«Ã‚ Poussés par la haine antisémite dans le silence assourdissant d’une partie de la gauche républicaine, les étudiants bien-pensants de Science-po glorifient un lynchage ! », écrit sur X l’élue socialiste de Strasbourg Pernelle Richardot. « Le symbole des mains rouges est une référence directe au massacre de 2 Israéliens par la population de Ramallah. Pas un appel au cessez-le-feu », assure de son côté l’auteur Raphaël Enthoven sur X. Ce « n’est pas un appel au cessez-le-feu, c’est une référence à ce carnage », écrit également dans une illustration le dessinateur Joann Sfar.

Les meurtres auxquels ils font référence ont eu lieu le 12 octobre 2000. Alors que les tensions sont à leur comble entre les populations israéliennes et palestiniennes, deux militaires réservistes israéliens, Yossi Avrahami et Vadim Norzhich, se retrouvent à Ramallah, capitale de l’Autorité palestinienne. Les autorités israéliennes assureront qu’ils se sont perdus et ont atterri là par erreur. Côté palestinien, on parlera d’une mission d’espionnage de l’État hébreu, rapporte à l’époque Libération.

Les Israéliens sont arrêtés par la police mais rapidement, la population est au courant de la présence de ces hommes et se rassemble. Des personnes finissent par s’en prendre aux réservistes, qui seront lynchés et tués, leurs corps ensuite exhibés dans les rues. Juste après les meurtres, un homme va être photographié à la fenêtre, montrant ses mains pleines de sang. Une photo qui deviendra le symbole de ces exécutions.

Mais les étudiants de Sciences-po faisaient-ils réellement référence à ce lynchage ? « Ce symbole est également utilisé pour dénoncer les enfants soldats, il est régulièrement utilisé à l’ONU, a rappelé sur BFMTV samedi Hubert Launois. Vous ne pouvez pas conclure que c’est antisémite de faire cela ». Il ajoute que si jamais certains ont utilisé ce symbole pour envoyer un message antisémite, « évidemment que nous les condamnons ».

Le symbole des mains rouges a en effet été utilisé pour d’autres causes, dans d’autres contextes. En février 2022, des militants écologistes l’avaient utilisé pour alerter sur la sortie d’un rapport du Giec, mais il a aussi été choisi par des peuples indigènes au Brésil pour protester sur leur traitement ou encore en 2018 contre le racisme en Italie.

De nouveau interrogé par franceinfo dimanche, Hubert Launois a assuré que ce geste n’a pas été décidé à l’avance et avait uniquement pour but « d’illustrer le slogan : ’Vous avez du sang sur les mains’ ». Et d’ajouter : « L’événement d’octobre 2000, on ne le connaît pas. Ce n’est pas le symbole de notre génération. Nous accuser d’y faire référence participe au processus de criminalisation des militants pro-Palestine ». Auprès de Libération, le jeune homme s’est aussi dit « désolé », assurant que « si on avait eu la référence, on n’aurait sûrement pas utilisé ce symbole. Il faut clairement faire attention à ne pas utiliser des références maladroites ».

Raphaël Enthoven a de son côté qualifié « d’ignares » ceux qui ne connaîtraient pas la photo des meurtres de Ramallah et de « relativistes » ou encore « d’idiots utiles » ceux qui « brandissent quantité d’images de mains rougies pour noyer le poisson et dire que décidément on voit de l’antisémitisme partout ».

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