Macron defende armas nucleares para plano europeu de defesa e é criticado pela oposição

macron defende armas nucleares para plano europeu de defesa e é criticado pela oposição

Macron defende armas nucleares para plano europeu de defesa e é criticado pela oposição

Depois que o presidente francês Emmanuel Macron abriu o debate sobre a criação de uma defesa europeia que, além de armas de longo alcance e antimísseis, poderia incluir armas nucleares, a oposição criticou duramente neste domingo (28) a posição do chefe de Estado, acusado de “trair” a soberania nacional.

“Um chefe de Estado francês não deveria dizer isso”, atacou François-Xavier Bellamy, líder da lista Les Républicains (LR – Os Republicanos, de direita) para as eleições europeias de 9 de junho. Ele denunciou uma declaração de “gravidade excepcional” porque “diz respeito a soberania francesa”.

O presidente do MoDem (Movimento Democrático), François Bayrou, tentou justificar a posição de Emmanuel Macron estimando que os interesses vitais da França hoje são a Europa. “Imagine uma ameaça mortal contra a Alemanha. Você acha que estaríamos seguros? Você acredita que nossos interesses vitais não seriam afetados por uma ameaça desta ordem?”, questionou.

“Vamos colocar tudo sobre a mesa.”

Ao propor incluir as armas nucleares no debate sobre a construção de uma defesa da Europa, o presidente francês desencadeou uma enxurrada de críticas entre a oposição. A polêmica acontece na sequência do discurso de Macron sobre a Europa na Sorbonne, na quinta-feira (25). Na ocasião, Emmanuel Macron foi enfático ao avaliar que a Europa “pode morrer” ou ser “relegada a segundo plano”.

Na sexta-feira (26), o presidente francês se encontrou com uma dezena de jovens em Estrasburgo, no leste do país, em uma entrevista organizada pelos jornais regionais do grupo Ebra (Est-Bourgogne-Rhône-Alpes), publicada na noite de sábado (27).

“Estará a França preparada para ‘europeizar’ a sua capacidade de dissuasão nuclear?”, perguntou Linus, um dos seus interlocutores. Ao responder ao jovem, Macron retomou o argumento desenvolvido na quinta-feira em seu discurso a favor de uma defesa europeia “credível”. Ele menciona, então, a implantação de escudos antimísseis – “mas devemos ter certeza de que eles bloqueiam todos os mísseis” -, armas de longo alcance e, depois, armas nucleares.

“A doutrina francesa é que podemos usá-la quando os nossos interesses vitais estão ameaçados. Eu já disse que existe uma dimensão europeia para estes interesses vitais”, continuou o presidente. “Sou a favor da abertura deste debate que deve, portanto, incluir a defesa antimísseis, o disparo de armas de longo alcance, as armas nucleares para aqueles que as possuem ou que possuem armas nucleares americanas em seu território, o que realmente nos protege de uma forma credível”, insistiu ele.

França é o único país da UE a ter armas nucleares

Desde o Brexit e a saída do Reino Unido da União Europeia (UE), a França é o único dos seus Estados-membros a ter dissuasão nuclear. Apesar do “divórcio” do Reino Unido, o diálogo sobre questões de segurança continua com Londres, especialmente no âmbito da Comunidade Política Europeia (CPE), um fórum recentemente criado por iniciativa do presidente francês.

No seu discurso na Sorbonne, Macron já havia abordado a questão das armas nucleares francesas. “A dissuasão nuclear está, de fato, no centro da estratégia de defesa francesa. É, portanto, um elemento essencial na defesa do continente europeu”, disse ele, retomando aspectos de um discurso-chave sobre a dissuasão, proferido em fevereiro de 2020.

Assim como a direita, o partido de extrema esquerda La France Insoumise (LFI – A França Insubmissa) estimou neste domingo, num comunicado de imprensa do seu grupo parlamentar, que Macron “acabou de desferir um novo golpe na credibilidade da dissuasão nuclear francesa”.

Na extrema direita, o eurodeputado do partido Reunião Ncional (RN), Thierry Mariani, afirmou no X que “Macron está se tornando um perigo nacional”. “Depois das armas nucleares, o assento permanente da França no Conselho de Segurança da ONU também será vendido à União Europeia”, protestou.

A cabeça de lista do partido Ecologistas para as eleições europeias, Marie Toussaint, que é a favor de um “salto federal europeu”, considerou em entrevista ao canal France 3 que a “partilha desta força francesa incluiria, portanto, o nuclear também”.

A construção de uma defesa europeia tem sido um objetivo da França há muito tempo, mas que encontra frequentemente relutância por parte de seus parceiros, que consideravam a proteção da Otan mais segura.

No entanto, a invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia, em fevereiro de 2022, e o possível regresso à Casa Branca de Donald Trump reavivaram a relevância do debate sobre a autonomia europeia em questões de defesa.

(Com AFP)

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