"Le vrai risque, c'est vraiment le porc": la présidente du Covars se veut rassurante sur l'épidémie de grippe aviaire

Alors que des bovins ont notamment été contaminés par la souche H5N1 aux États-Unis ces dernières semaines, le virus n’a pas encore été détecté dans des élevages de cochons.

Des porcs d’élevage au Danemark en juin 2023. (Photo d’illustration)

Le mois dernier, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) faisait part de sa “grande inquiétude” face à la propagation de la souche H5N1 de la grippe aviaire à de nouvelles espèces. Début avril, aux États-Unis, un éleveur du Texas a ainsi été contaminé par l’une de ses vaches laitières.

Selon l’immunologue Brigitte Autran, la présidente du Covars (Comité de veille et d’anticipation des risques sanitaires), un animal en particulier doit être surveillé de près: le porc.

“Ce qui est vraiment inquiétant, et ce qui peut favoriser une épidémie humaine, c’est le passage du virus actuellement présent chez les oiseaux et maintenant chez les vaches, aux cochons”, a-t-elle expliqué au micro d’Europe 1 ce vendredi 10 mai. “Le vrai risque, c’est vraiment le porc.”

Un risque de “recombinaison”

Selon la présidente du Covars, il peut y avoir dans le porc ou le cochon “plusieurs virus de grippe présents en même temps qui vont produire ce qu’on appelle dans notre jargon une ‘recombinaison'” à même de provoquer une “modification du virus qui pourrait devenir hautement transmissible à l’homme.”

Néanmoins, Brigitte Autran insiste sur un fait rassurant: “Il n’y a pas de transmission interhumaine à ce jour, et il n’y en a pas eu depuis 20 ans qu’on connait ce virus”.

Selon les chiffres de l’OMS, le virus du H5N1, a démontré “un taux de mortalité extraordinairement élevé” chez les personnes contaminées par leur contact avec des animaux infectés.

Entre le début de l’année 2023 et le 1er avril 2024, l’OMS a déclaré avoir enregistré un total de 889 cas humains de grippe aviaire dans 23 pays, dont 463 décès. Soit un taux de létalité supérieur à 50%.

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