La guerra de Ucrania y las tensiones geopolíticas disparan el gasto mundial en armamento

Copenhague, 22 abr (EFE).- La guerra en Ucrania y el aumento de las tensiones geopolíticas provocaron el año pasado el mayor aumento en el gasto militar global desde 2009, señaló este lunes en un informe el Instituto Internacional de Estocolmo para la Investigación de la Paz (SIPRI).

La inversión en armas alcanzó la cifra récord de 2,29 billones de euros, un 6,8 % más en términos reales que en 2022 y un 2,3 % del producto interior bruto (PIB) global.

“El aumento sin precedentes en el gasto militar es una respuesta directa al deterioro global en paz y en seguridad. Los estados están priorizando la fuerza militar, pero se arriesgan a una espiral de acción-reacción en un panorama geopolítico y de seguridad más volátil”, apunta el informe.

EE.UU. y la OTAN acaparan el gasto global

Estados Unidos mantiene su dominio incontestable con una inversión de 860.000 millones de euros, un 2,3 % más, y el 37 % del gasto global (tres veces más que China, segundo en la lista), así como un 68 % del de los 31 países miembros de la OTAN.

El estudio destaca la mayor inversión en defensa de los países europeos de la OTAN, que ahora representa el 28 % de la de toda la Alianza, el mayor nivel en una década, con once de ellos por encima del compromiso del 2 % del PIB.

Resalta entre ellos Polonia que, con una subida interanual del 75 %, registró el mayor aumento anual en Europa.

El gasto conjunto de los miembros de la OTAN ascendió a 1,26 billones de euros, el 55 % del total en el mundo.

“Los últimos dos años de guerra en Ucrania han cambiado de forma fundamental las perspectivas de los estados europeos sobre seguridad. Ese cambio en la percepción de la amenaza se refleja en dirigir crecientes partes del PIB al gasto militar”, escribe el SIPRI.

Rusia, tercero en el ránking mundial, destinó una cifra estimada de 102.000 millones de euros, el 4,5 % global y un 24 % más interanual, lo que supone además el 5,9 % de su PIB.

Ucrania, el octavo inversor mundial en armas, aumentó su gasto un 51 % hasta 60.762 millones de euros, un tercio de su PIB.

la guerra de ucrania y las tensiones geopolíticas disparan el gasto mundial en armamento

Los 32.819 millones de euros en ayuda militar recibidos por Kiev redujeron la brecha con Rusia y el gasto militar total ucraniano supuso el 91 % del de Moscú.

Incremento de la inversión en Asia y Oriente Medio

China gastó cerca de 278.000 millones de euros, un 6 % más y el 12 % del total, lo que supuso la mitad de la inversión en la región Asia-Oceanía y arrastró a otros países, según el SIPRI.

Así, Japón (décimo), aumentó su gasto militar un 11 % y, Taiwan, un 11 %.

Oriente Medio registró la mayor subida en una década, un 9 %, con Arabia Saudí (quinto) como líder regional, seguido por Israel (15º), que aumentó un 24 % su gasto por su ofensiva a gran escala en la franja de Gaza tras los ataques de Hamas en octubre pasado.

“El amplio aumento en gasto militar en Oriente Medio en 2023 refleja la situación rápidamente cambiante en la región, de la mejora de relaciones diplomáticas entre Israel y varios países árabes en años recientes al estallido de una gran guerra en Gaza y el miedo a un conflicto regional”, apunta el SIPRI.

Lucha contra crimen organizado impulsa el gasto en Centroamérica

El informe destaca que el aumento de los niveles de delincuencia han provocado a su vez un mayor uso de la fuerza militar contra las bandas criminales en Centroamérica y el Caribe, lo que se tradujo en una subida del gasto del 54 % en 2023.

En la República Dominicana hubo una subida interanual del 14 % en respuesta al empeoramiento de la violencia de las bandas en Haití.

“El uso de los militares para suprimir la violencia de bandas ha sido una tendencia creciente en la región durante años, ya que los gobiernos o son incapaces de resolver el problema con medios convencionales o prefieren respuestas inmediatas y, a menudo, más violentas”, señala el SIPRI.

Brasil se mantiene como líder regional en Sudamérica, y décimo octavo país a nivel mundial, con un gasto de 21.473 millones de euros, un 3,1 % más.

(c) Agencia EFE

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