Forscher finden Lösung für Paradoxon um Uranus und Neptun

forscher finden lösung für paradoxon um uranus und neptun

Die Ringe des Uranus

Uranus und Neptun sind die beiden Eisriesen unseres Sonnensystems. Das bedeutet, sie bestehen aus flüchtigen chemischen Verbindungen. Bisher ging man davon aus, dass die beiden Planeten hauptsächlich aus Wasser bestehen. Laut einer neuen Studie findet sich dort aber auch große Mengen an Methan.

Es ist nicht viel über die beiden Planeten bekannt. Bisher konnte sie nur die Sonde Voyager 2 bei einem Vorbeiflug in den 1980ern näher beobachten. So konnte man Sauerstoff, Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff nachweisen.

➤ Mehr lesen: So sehen Neptun und Uranus wirklich aus

forscher finden lösung für paradoxon um uranus und neptun

Der Planet Uranus erscheint grünlich hellblau. So sieht eigentlich auch der Neptun aus

Seither versuchen Wissenschaftler*innen Computermodelle der Planeten zu erstellen, die sich mit den bisherigen Beobachtungen decken. Dabei geht man etwa davon aus, dass unter einer dünnen Schicht aus Wasserstoff und Helium komprimiertes Wassereis und Ammoniak liegen. Schätzungen zufolge könnten die Planeten jeweils das 50.000-fache an Wasser gegenüber der Erde haben.

Eisarme Planetenbausteine

Diese Modelle haben laut den Studienautoren aber ein Problem. Die beiden Planeten entstanden, wie alle Planeten im Sonnensystem, aus einer Staubscheibe, die sich um die Sonne gebildet hat. Dabei nahmen sie sogenannte Planetesimale auf. Das sind Planetenbausteine, die Asteroiden ähneln. Diese Objekte sind meist eisarm und enthalten große Mengen an Kohlenstoff.

forscher finden lösung für paradoxon um uranus und neptun

Künstlerische Darstellung einer Sonnenscheibe mit Planetesimals

Dadurch stellt sich die Frage, wie sich auf den Eisriesen die vermuteten Wassereismengen formen konnten, wenn dessen Bausteine kaum Eis enthalten. Ihre Lösung für dieses Paradoxon: Uranus und Neptun bestehen aus großen Mengen Methan. Demnach gab es eine chemische Reaktion von Planetesimalen aus organischem, feuerfestem Material (Kohlenstoff) und dem gasförmigen Wasserstoff in der Atmosphäre der Planetenvorläufer von Uranus und Neptun.

➤ Mehr lesen: Warum Uranus so seltsam ist

Zwischenschicht aus Methaneis

Dadurch hätten sich große Mengen an Methaneis bilden können. Mit Computermodellen untermauerten die Forscher*innen ihre Vermutung. „Die methanreiche innere Zusammensetzung könnte eine natürliche Lösung sein, die gut zu Größe, Masse und Trägheitsmoment von Uranus und Neptun passt“, schreiben sie in ihrer Studie. Das Methan könnte eine dicke Schicht zwischen dem Wasserstoff-Helium-Gemisch und dem Wasser bilden.

Um diese Theorie zu überprüfen, müsste aber eine Sonde zu den Eisriesen geschickt werden. Geplant ist das derzeit nicht. Die Studie ist als Preprint einsehbar und wurde noch nicht unabhängig geprüft.

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