Estudio revela que los primeros humanos se resguardaron en una cueva volcánica de Arabia Saudita

Según los hallazgos que arroja un nuevo estudio, los primeros humanos se refugiaron durante más de 7.000 años en una cueva volcánica ubicada en Arabia Saudita.

Si bien las investigaciones previas determinaron que el norte de Arabia fue un lugar en el que los primeros habitantes evolucionaron y desarrollaron su cultura, comprender el momento de su ocupación y su conexión con el cercano Levante mediterráneo fue difícil debido más que nada a la mala conservación de los restos orgánicos por el clima árido de la región.

Sin embargo, ahora los arqueólogos estudian a fondo las cuevas y los entornos subterráneos de la zona, donde los artefactos antiguos están protegidos del sol, el viento y las grandes fluctuaciones de temperatura.

En la última investigación, analizaron un yacimiento arqueológico de una cueva volcánica llamada Umm Jirsan, situada en el campo volcánico de Harrat Khaybar, en Arabia Saudita, a unos 125 km al norte de Medina.

El equipo encontró distintos utensilios prehistóricos, pinturas rupestres y restos óseos que evidencian una ocupación humana constante durante los últimos 7.000 años, como mínimo.

Además, sospechan que la cueva podría haber sido un lugar en donde se criaba ganado. Esta suposición deriva de la presencia de pinturas de ovejas y cabras domesticadas y huesos de animales en el yacimiento.

“Nuestros hallazgos en Umm Jirsan proporcionan una visión poco común de la vida de los pueblos antiguos de Arabia, puesto que revelan repetidas etapas de ocupación humana y ofrecen información sobre las actividades ganaderas que alguna vez prosperaron en la zona”, declaró Mathew Stewart, coautor del estudio.

Los investigadores también comprobaron que incluían plantas como cereales y frutas en su alimentación, probablemente como resultado de un incremento de la agricultura de oasis durante la Edad del Bronce.

Más aún, el análisis de los restos encontrados en el sitio sugiere que el ganado se alimentaba principalmente de hierbas silvestres y arbustos, mientras que los humanos llevaban una dieta rica en proteínas.

estudio revela que los primeros humanos se resguardaron en una cueva volcánica de arabia saudita

El arte rupestre de Umm Jirsan: ovejas, cabras, dos monigotes con herramientas en el cinturón, ganado y cabras salvajes con cuernos estriados y manchas en el pelaje (Stewart et al., 2024, PLOS ONE)

Es probable que Umm Jirsan no fuera un hogar permanente, sino un lugar de descanso clave para quienes viajaban por un entorno adverso entre los asentamientos de los oasis.

“Puede que este yacimiento sirviera como un punto de parada crucial a lo largo de las rutas ganaderas, además de conectar los principales oasis y facilitar el intercambio cultural y el comercio” aseguró el Dr. Stewart.

Por su parte, Michael Petraglia, coautor del estudio, afirmó: “Estos hallazgos destacan el inmenso potencial de las investigaciones interdisciplinarias en cuevas volcánicas, y ofrecen una visión única a la época prehistórica de Arabia”.

Traducción de María Luz Avila

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