Especialistas hallan 83 albarradas prehispánicas en Quintana Roo

Las albarradas son muros de piedra caliza que, comúnmente, aparecen entre los vestigios prehispánicos, y dado que su construcción es simple y efectiva, aún son utilizadas en la arquitectura rural contemporánea.

La teoría más aceptada sobre su función en los recintos precolombinos es que servían para delimitar zonas de cultivo o, incluso, espacios habitacionales, refirió el jefe de campo del Frente 1 del Tramo 6 del Tren Maya, Fabián Gutiérrez Gómez, al informar que, en las cercanías del municipio de Chumpón, durante la prospección del citado ramal, que va de Tulum  a Chetumal, en Quintana Roo, realizada de septiembre de 2022 a mediados de marzo de 2023, se encontraron 205 monumentos de origen arqueológico, los cuales incluyen dos terrazas, dos pozos, 53 cimientos y 83 albarradas.

Estos últimos elementos, indicó, datan del periodo Clásico maya (300 a 600 d.C.) y tienen dimensiones variadas, las cuales van de los cinco a los 400 metros de longitud, con un metro de ancho por 70 centímetros de alto, en promedio.

La novedad de estas estructuras, puntualizó el arqueólogo, radica en su diseño, el cual se distingue de otras albarradas por su localización, cercana a cuerpos de agua en algunos casos, y su aspecto irregular en forma de “L” o silla, ya que normalmente son estructuras lineales.

“Estas características nos han permitido formular la hipótesis de que, en este caso específico, quizá, eran utilizadas como un tipo de ‘Google Maps’ prehispánico, que permitía a los habitantes ubicarse en la región”.

especialistas hallan 83 albarradas prehispánicas en quintana roo

Modos de vida

Algunos de estos muros, apuntó, se encontraron también cerca de cimientos, por lo que es necesario analizar la arqueología del paisaje para determinar si, efectivamente, la ubicación de los mismos corresponde a marcas en el terreno que servirían como señalética para los habitantes del lugar, y no a delimitaciones de solares familiares, con lo que se les asocia frecuentemente.

Otro aspecto a destacar, dijo, es que casi no se encontró material arqueológico cerca de las albarradas, lo que podría indicar que no se trataba de asentamientos, o bien, que la organización social era de tipo comunal y la mayoría de las actividades se realizaban al aire libre.

El análisis de las 83 albarradas, puntualizó, revelará detalles importantes sobre el modo de vida de los pobladores antiguos, por ejemplo, el uso que daban al espacio y a las propias estructuras, así como las actividades que realizaban a una escala regional.

Gutiérrez Gómez detalló que en la fase de excavación, iniciada en enero de 2023 y que continúan a la fecha en el citado frente de trabajo de la obra constructiva, se han recuperado 218 bolsas de cerámica y tres de metates, así como dos cuchillos de pedernal, entre otros materiales arqueológicos, los cuales serán estudiados a profundidad para conocer su antigüedad, filiación étnica y el material del que están compuestos.

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