El oficio de influyente lo inventó la burguesía del siglo XIX

París, 20 abr (EFE).- El oficio de influyente, ahora sociado a las redes sociales, se basa en técnicas de márquetin instauradas por la burguesía del siglo XIX, revela la exposición ‘El nacimiento de los grandes almacenes (1852-1925)’, en el Museo de las Artes Decorativas de París.

“La historia de los grandes almacenes está íntimamente ligada a la burguesía”, cuyo advenimiento contribuyó a la creación de esos nuevos espacios de consumo, explica a EFE la asistente de exposiciones del museo, Astrid Novembre.

No fue lo único, pues en el caso parisino la expropiación de terrenos para la remodelación urbana, en la que dsepués se incluirían los almacenes, y la revolución industrial, que facilitó los desplazamientos, jugaron también un rol importante.

Desde la aparición del ‘Bon Marché’ parisino, el primer gran almacén en Francia, que data de 1852, se plantearon una serie de estrategias de mercadotecnia que llegaron para quedarse como la invención de las rebajas, los niños como nuevo objetivo del mercado o la venta por correo, que existe desde 1869, detalla Novembre.

En el caso de las rebajas, la técnica era entonces aún más exacerbada, pues “había un calendario bastante marcado en el año” en el que cada mes había ofertas centradas en artículos específicos, como lencería o sombreros.

La idea de los niños como potenciales consumidores va muy ligada, siempre según Novembre, a que las mujeres eran quienes hacían las compras e iban acompañadas de sus pequeños.

Uno de los atractivos con el que se vendían los juguetes fue el de ofrecerlos como herramienta educativa y, si no, la figura de Papá Noel “está ahí para aliviar un poco la culpa de las familias” por las compras impulsivas, asegura.

‘Influencers’ del siglo XIX

Todas esas técnicas se vieron fortalecidas con la publicidad distribuida en catálogos y los artículos promocionales, pero también con las colaboraciones.

el oficio de influyente lo inventó la burguesía del siglo xix

Esas colaboraciones ocurrían sobre todo en las revistas femeninas de la época, con viñetas y columnas que mostraban los artículos, pero también “había gente que iba a las tiendas y luego hablaba con amigos, con gente; gente que también les escuchaba como ‘influencers’ de moda”, describe Novembre mientras recorre la exposición.

Por ejemplo, la primera colaboración de diseño de producto fue un vestido de 1908-1910 con la etiqueta ‘Aux Trois-Quartiers/Felix’, en referencia a otros grandes almacenes parisinos y a un costurero francés.

Para quienes no pudieran permitirse esos productos, los almacenes y sus homólogos del Louvre, las Galerías Lafayette, La Samaritaine o Au Printemps hicieron accesible una “cierta categoría” a través de “vestidos que dicen ser de diseño, pero que en realidad no lo son, (…), el simulacro de la burguesía”, recuerda Novembre.

La auténtica “democratización de la moda” no llegaría en realidad en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, añade.

En total, la muestra está compuesta por unas 800 piezas, que integran vestimenta, juguetes, carteles, litografía y mobiliario, cuyos fundamentos resuenan en la sociedad contemporánea.

Entre las preocupaciones actuales que ya existían entonces, y que ya se mostraron en 1905 por primera vez en un catálogo francés, están los productos destinados a higiene y belleza, como pueden ser las bragas menstruales o las máscaras faciales.

En cambio, la cleptomanía, que puede estar tipificada como delito en algunos países, era vista entonces por comentaristas como “el patio de recreo del diablo” y, desde el ámbito psiquiátrico, como una “locura” que se daba sobre todo entre las mujeres de clase media.

La exposición, accesible al público hasta el próximo 13 de octubre, presenta incluso etiquetas de los objetos robados que fueron recuperadas de la Prefectura de Policía y la carta de una mujer burguesa que fue absuelta de robo y alegó tener locura.

Raquel Fernández

(c) Agencia EFE

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