El coche eléctrico, en mínimos: la guerra de precios hunde su valor residual al 52%

La transformación del automóvil hacia el vehículo eléctrico está provocando más de un quebradero de cabeza a los distintos grupos automovilísticos.

Las economías de escala aún no se han alcanzado en Europa, el desembarco de los fabricantes chinos en el Viejo Continente es imparable, lo que obliga a los constructores tradicionales a una guerra comercial con el fin de ganar cuota de mercado, y, por si fuera poco, la demanda rema a contracorriente en lo que va de año. Ante este escenario, el valor residual de los vehículos eléctricos no deja de resentirse.

En el primer trimestre del año, el valor residual de los vehículos eléctricos continuó con un descenso que, por el momento, parece imparable. Así las cosas, el valor residual de los vehículos eléctricos entre enero y marzo se situó en el 52,5%, según datos de Ganvam-DAT para elEconomista.es. Este valor residual supone 0,4 puntos porcentuales menos en comparación con el comienzo de año 2024. Esto quiere decir que un vehículo comprado en los tres primeros meses de 2021 ha depreciado su valor en el mercado de ocasión a la mitad transcurridos 36 meses desde su compra. Pero en esta ecuación también hay que tener en cuenta el elevado coste de adquisición que tienen este tipo de modelos en comparación con el resto.

el coche eléctrico, en mínimos: la guerra de precios hunde su valor residual al 52%

El coche eléctrico, en mínimos: la guerra de precios hunde su valor residual al 52%

De hecho, el valor residual que menos se resiente es el de los modelos de gasolina, cuyo precio de origen y transcurridos tres años tan solo se resiente un 28,5%. Así, los modelos de gasolina no han depreciado su valor en el último trimestre del año.

Tras los modelos de gasolina se sitúan los híbridos no recargables, los cuales mantienen el 71,2% de su valor tras tres años. El podio lo cierran los modelos diésel, los cuales pierden poco más de un tercio de su valor 36 meses después de su adquisición, es decir, 1,2 puntos porcentuales menos frente al inicio del año.

Un escalón por debajo se sitúan los modelos híbridos enchufables, cuyo valor residual tres años después de su compra se sitúa en el 65,1%. Un porcentaje que equivale a 1,4 puntos porcentuales menos en comparación con el comienzo del ejercicio 2024.

Por poner estas cifras en contexto, el modelo eléctrico más comercializado en España en el primer trimestre de 2021 fue el Tesla Model 3. Un vehículo que llegó al mercado español a principios de 2019 en su primera generación. Tomando como ejemplo el Tesla Model 3 de gran autonomía, este vehículo se comercializaba en España a un precio venta al público de 53.370 euros. En la actualidad, este mismo modelo se vende en el mercado de ocasión a un precio de 34.575 euros. Es decir, en tres años este modelo ha perdido un 35,2% de su valor.

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