Doctor Mau: El ABC de la prediabetes y la resistencia a la insulina

doctor mau: el abc de la prediabetes y la resistencia a la insulina

Doctor Mau les va a responder y dar paz sobre la resistencia a la insulina y la diabetes, así que tomen nota.

El famoso Doctor Mau para explicarles qué onda con la prediabetes y la resistencia a la insulina, ¿son lo mismo? Y también para que les diga qué podemos hacer todos los días para evitarlas.

De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, 400 millones de personas viven con prediabetes en el mundo y se prevé que el 2040 esto derive en más de 109 millones de personas con diabetes tipo 2.

Además 1 de cada 5 personas en México tiene prediabetes, según datos de National Library of Medicine.

Según el National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, aproximadamente 98 millones de personas mayores de 18 años tienen prediabetes en Estados Unidos. Eso significa aproximadamente 1 de cada 3 adultos, y el 80% no saben que tienen esta enfermedad.

Según la OMS, aproximadamente 422 millones de personas en todo el mundo tienen diabetes, la mayoría vive en países de ingresos bajos y medianos. Según la OMS, 5 millones de muertes en todo el mundo se atribuyen directamente a la diabetes cada año.

Se estima que 62 millones de personas en el continente americano viven con Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo 2 (que es la más común). Según datos del Diabetes Atlas, se estima que para el 2040 más de 109 millones de personas tendrán diabetes tipo 2.

Doctor Mau responde: ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre prediabetes y resistencia a la insulina?

La resistencia a la insulina se produce cuando las células de los músculos, grasa e hígado no responden bien a la ella y no pueden absorber la glucosa de la sangre fácilmente.

La prediabetes es cuando los niveles de glucosa en la sangre son más altos de lo normal pero no lo suficientemente altos para ser diagnosticados como diabetes.

La prediabetes ocurre en personas que ya tienen cierta resistencia a la insulina o sus células en el páncreas no están produciendo suficiente para mantener la glucosa en la sangre en el rango normal.

Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa adicional permanece en el torrente sanguíneo en lugar de entrar a las células. Con el tiempo, una persona podría desarrollar diabetes tipo 2.

¿Qué es la insulina?

Es una hormona producida por el páncreas que ayuda a que la glucosa en la sangre entre a las células de los músculos, grasa e hígado para obtener energía. La función de la insulina reduce la glucosa en la sangre para mantenerla en niveles normales.

¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la resistencia a la insulina y la prediabetes?

  • Aumento de peso, especialmente alrededor de la cintura.
  • Fatiga y sentirse constantemente cansado o con poca energía.
  • Aumento del apetito, especialmente después de comer.
  • Tener sed constante y necesidad de orinar con más frecuencia.
  • Piel oscurecida en áreas como el cuello, las axilas, los codos, las rodillas y las ingles.
  • Visión borrosa

Estos son los factores de riesgo de la resistencia a la insulina y la prediabetes

  • Sobrepeso u obesidad
  • Falta de actividad física y sedentarismo
  • Alimentación alta en calorías y azúcares
  • Tener familiares con diabetes tipo 2
  • Fumar
  • Tener problemas del sueño como apnea o insomnio
  • Diabetes gestacional
  • Síndrome de ovario poliquístico

Lo que podría pasar si se complica la resistencia a la insulina y la prediabetes

  • Nivel de azúcar en la sangre alto
  • Ataque cardiaco
  • Accidente cerebrovascular (derrame cerebral)
  • Enfermedad renal
  • Problemas oculares
  • Cáncer
  • Enfermedad de Alzheimer

¿Cuáles son los hábitos más efectivos para prevenir y revertir la resistencia a la insulina y la prediabetes?

Tener una dieta que incluya muchas verduras, frutas, cereales integrales, proteínas magras y aceite de oliva. Se deben elegir alimentos que sean ricos en fibra y tengan un índice glucémico bajo, aquí les contamos cuál es buenísimo.

Las dietas muy bajas en carbs pueden mejorar indicadores, pero resultan difíciles de mantener, lo importante es mantener un estilo de vida saludable y disfrutar de la alimentación. El ejercicio de fuerza y aeróbico puede transformar tu distribución de grasa.

Esto implica reducir la grasa visceral y aumentar la masa muscular, incluso sin la necesidad de perder peso, ¿la clave? Sentadillas, es recomendable hacer 3 días de ejercicio aeróbico y 2 de fuerza.

Si bien en algunas personas se requiere la pérdida de peso (obesidad clase 2 o 3), una restricción leve de calorías a veces es suficiente, es decir bajarle unas 250-300 calorías.

Esto es equivalente a dejar de consumir una lata de refresco y una rebanada de pan blanco, no es tan retador, comer la mayor parte de las calorías en la mañana y en la tarde.

Consumir comidas grandes y ricas en carbs por la noche se asocia a un peor control de la glucosa y elevaciones de la insulina.

Cantidades pequeñas de chocolate o alcohol pueden no ser tan perjudiciales, ¿por qué? Porque fomentan una mayor adherencia a los cambios. Es muy importante comprender que el equilibrio y la felicidad son lo primordial, evitando los extremos.

Especialista: Dr. Mau (Mauricio González Arias). Nutriólogo y médico triplemente certificado en medicina interna, medicina de emergencia y especialista en obesidad en Nueva York. Es colaborador habitual de CNN, Telemundo, Televisa, Univisión y ha aparecido en Forbes, The Today Show, People Magazine, InStyle, GQ México, por nombrar algunos. Recientemente apareció en la portada de Newsweek en ESPAÑOL.

IG y Tik Tok: @dr.mauriciogonzalez // YT: @DoctorMauInforma // FB y LinkedIn: Dr. Mauricio González Arias // TW: @DrMauricioGon // WEB: www.drmauriciogonzalez.com

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