Dívida bilateral dos PALOP a Portugal duplicou desde 2000 para 2,5 mil milhões

dívida bilateral dos palop a portugal duplicou desde 2000 para 2,5 mil milhões

ANTÓNIO COTRIM/LUSA

Lisboa, 28 abr 2024 (Lusa) – A dívida bilateral dos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP) a Portugal duplicou nos últimos 25 anos, chegando a 2,5 mil milhões de euros em 2022, depois de ter atingido o pico em 2013.

De acordo com os dados do Banco de Portugal, solicitados pela agência Lusa, a dívida destes países a Portugal era de 1,2 mil milhões de euros em 2000, numa lista onde Angola, a maior economia lusófona africana, é sempre, de longe, o maior devedor, à exceção de entre 2014 e 2017, quando o endividamento de Moçambique era maior.

De acordo com os dados do Banco de Portugal, a dívida total bilateral dos países africanos lusófonos a Portugal, no final de 2022, era de 2.565 milhões de euros, sendo Angola responsável por 1.054 milhões de euros, numa lista em que São Tomé e Príncipe é o país menos devedor, com apenas 84 milhões de euros, tendo atingido o pico em 2013, ano em que os PALOP chegaram a dever 3.581 mil milhões de euros.

Durante um jantar, na terça-feira, com correspondentes estrangeiros em Portugal, o Presidente da República português afirmou que Portugal tem “de pagar os custos” dos crimes cometidos durante a era colonial.

“Há ações que não foram punidas e os responsáveis não foram presos? Há bens que foram saqueados e não foram devolvidos? Vamos ver como podemos reparar isto”, afirmou Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.

No evento, Rebelo de Sousa disse que Portugal “assume toda a responsabilidade” pelos erros do passado e lembra que esses crimes, incluindo os massacres coloniais, tiveram custos.

Dias depois, acrescentou que Portugal deve liderar o processo de assumir e reparar as consequências do período do colonialismo e sugeriu, como exemplo, o perdão de dívidas, cooperação e financiamento.

Ao longo dos anos têm sido tentadas um conjunto de iniciativas para a redução desta dívida bilateral, sendo a mais recente iniciativa a ideia de trocar parte do valor em dívida por investimentos climáticos, num modelo em que o país devedor canaliza a verba em dívida para projetos que beneficiem o ambiente ou combatam ou fortaleçam a resiliência do país às alterações climáticas.

Portugal acordou com Cabo Verde e com São Tomé e Príncipe um alívio com troca da dívida bilateral por investimentos climáticos no mesmo valor, sendo que o acordo assinado com Cabo Verde prevê 12 milhões de euros e o de São Tomé e Príncipe é de 3,5 milhões de euros.

Em 2022, a dívida total de Cabo Verde a Portugal era de 630 milhões de euros e a de São Tomé e Príncipe era de 84 milhões de euros, de acordo com os dados do Banco de Portugal.

A ideia é constituir um fundo internacional, no caso de Cabo Verde, e nacional, no caso de São Tomé e Príncipe, para onde Portugal canalizará o valor que é pago pelos dois países, um procedimento obrigatório para não haver um perdão nem uma reestruturação da dívida, do ponto de vista financeiro, que poderia levar a uma descida no ‘rating’ de Cabo Verde, já que São Tomé e Príncipe não tem rating atribuído.

O novo Governo de Luís Montenegro considera a ideia positiva e mantém a intenção de alargar o modelo a outros países africanos lusófonos, disse o secretário de Estado para os Negócios Estrangeiros e Cooperação, Nuno Sampaio, à Lusa, na sua primeira visita à sede das Nações Unidas (ONU), em Nova Iorque, à margem do Fórum do Conselho Económico e Social da ONU (ECOSOC) sobre financiamento do desenvolvimento, na semana passada.

“Portugal tem neste momento uma experiência em curso muito interessante com Cabo Verde de troca de dívida, onde a amortização da dívida de Cabo Verde será convertida, para já, no valor de 12 milhões de euros num contributo para um fundo ambiental. Esta é uma forma concreta, mas também sustentável e inovadora, e é com este tipo de soluções que temos que abordar a questão do financiamento”, defendeu o secretário de Estado.

DÍVIDA BILATERAL…….2000…..2010…..2021…..2022

Angola……………..815…..1.441…..928……1054

Moçambique………….245…….523…..761…….674

Guiné-Bissau…………65…….126…..126…….123

Cabo Verde…………..58…….268…..685…….630

São Tome e Príncipe…..30……..49……89……..84

TOTAL…………….1.213…..2.407…2.589…..2.565

Fonte: Banco de Portugal

MBA (MYMM) // PSC

Lusa/Fim

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