Danmark på økonomisk EU-dukseplads for femte år i træk

Mens en række syd- og østeuropæiske lande har store problemer med at få statsbudgettet til at hænge sammen, så er det ikke noget tema her i Danmark.

En opgørelse, som Danmarks Statistik har offentliggjort, viser, at Danmark for femte år i træk har det største overskud på de offentlige finanser, målt i procent af bruttonationalproduktet (bnp).

I år må Danmark dog dele titlen med Cypern, der i 2023 også havde et overskud på den såkaldte ØMU-saldo på 3,1 procent af bnp.

Siden 2016 har Folketinget udvist så stor budgetdisciplin, at det er lykkedes at få indtægterne til at overgå udgifterne.

Men faktisk skal man endnu længere tilbage for at finde årsagen til overskuddet, forklarer Kristian Skriver, der er seniorøkonom i Dansk Erhverv.

– Danske politikere har for 10-15 år siden taget nogle fornuftige beslutninger og gennemført reformer, som nu er med til at sikre solide offentlige finanser.

– Det har forlænget beskæftigelsesopsvinget og sikret mange nye ekstraindtægter i form af indkomstskatter.

– Der er mange lande, der må kigge misundeligt mod Danmark og måden, vi har indrettet os på, siger Kristian Skriver.

Danmarks nationalregnskab står da også i kontrast til lande som Italien, Ungarn og Rumænien, hvor underskuddet på de offentlige finanser sidste år udgjorde seks procent eller mere.

Kun fire lande havde sidste år en positiv ØMU-saldo. Foruden Danmark og Cypern drejer det sig om Irland og Portugal.

Ikke desto mindre kan vi snart se ind i røde tal. For de store årgange, der snart går på pension, bliver afløst i arbejdsstyrken af mindre årgange, og det er med til at få balancen mellem indtægter og udgifter til at tippe.

De kommende par år vil vi ifølge Finansministeriet nemlig også have overskud på de offentlige finanser, men derefter har vi udsigt til en periode på 29 år med underskud.

Det bekymrer dog ikke umiddelbart Kristian Skriver.

– Vi har på en måde lagt til side til den lidt svære periode, der venter. Så vi har egentlig penge til at kunne finansiere de demografiske udfordringer med, at vi får flere ældre.

– Som det ser ud nu, så bliver det mere opgaven med at skaffe den nødvendige arbejdskraft, der bliver den største udfordring næste mange år frem.

– Det nytter jo ikke noget, at vi har råd til at yde mere ældrepleje, hvis ikke der er hænder nok, siger han.

De gentagne overskud på de offentlige finanser betyder, at den danske bruttogæld også er blandt de laveste i EU.

Danmark havde ved udgangen af 2023 en bruttogæld på 816 milliarder kroner, hvilket svarer til 29,3 procent af bnp. Det er den fjerdemindste gæld i EU relativt set. Kun Estland, Bulgarien og Luxembourg ligger lavere.

/ritzau/

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