Curiosi si nasce, nel Dna il motore della biodiversità

curiosi si nasce, nel dna il motore della biodiversità

Curiosi si nasce, nel Dna il motore della biodiversitÃ

(ANSA) – MILANO, 30 APR – La curiosità è uno dei motori della biodiversità: il comportamento esplorativo è infatti un tratto della personalità che aiuta gli animali ad adattarsi a nuove nicchie ecologiche, ed è scritto nel Dna. Lo dimostra lo studio condotto sui ciclidi, una famiglia di pesci d’acqua dolce caratterizzata da una straordinaria varietà biologica. I risultati sono pubblicati sulla rivista Science dal gruppo di ricerca internazionale coordinato dallo zoologo Walter Salzburger, dell’Università di Basilea, e da Milan Malinsky, dell’Università di Berna.

Lo studio ha preso il via con una spedizione in Africa, lungo la sponda meridionale del lago Tanganica in Zambia, popolato da circa 250 specie di ciclidi diversi per struttura corporea, colore, alimentazione e habitat. I ricercatori ne hanno catturato 700 esemplari appartenenti a 57 specie diverse e per nove mesi hanno monitorato il loro comportamento filmandoli all’interno di un ambiente nuovo, una sorta di laghetto artificiale appositamente allestito. Dopo il rientro a Basilea, i video sono stati esaminati per vedere quali aree del laghetto venivano esplorate da ciascun pesce nell’arco di 15 minuti. Sono così emerse grandi differenze tra le specie, fortemente correlate sia con l’habitat che con la forma del corpo. Ad esempio, le specie che vivono vicino alle coste, con una forma del corpo voluminosa, risultano essere più curiose delle specie allungate che vivono in acque aperte. “Ciò riporta l’attenzione sul comportamento animale come forza trainante dietro ai processi evolutivi chiave”, afferma la prima autrice dello studio, Carolin Sommer-Trembo.

Per scoprire se queste differenze comportamentali avessero una base genetica, i ricercatori hanno messo a confronto i genomi delle varie specie di ciclidi, scoprendo una variante genetica che determina maggiore curiosità. Quando i ricercatori hanno utilizzato le forbici molecolar della Crispr per indurre mutazioni mirate nella corrispondente regione del genoma, i pesci sono diventati più curiosi. (ANSA).

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