Cómo podar una parra: la mejor época y los trucos para hacerlo bien

cómo podar una parra: la mejor época y los trucos para hacerlo bien

Podar la parra es indispensable para mejorar su crecimiento y producción.

Uno de los iconos del paisaje Mediterráneo son los campos de vid, viñas o parras. Se trata de una planta preciada por la belleza de sus extensiones que además nos proporciona un tesoro gastronómico: la uva.

Pero la parra también es una planta que es sencilla de cultivar en casa,  aunque sea en un pequeño huerto en poco espacio,  y que te ayudará a crear sombra en verano, si la haces crecer en un emparrado. Eso sí para que crezca sana y dé muchos frutos hay que podarla regularmente. Es decir, eliminar todo aquello que la planta no necesita para potenciar lo que sí le es indispensable y mejorar su crecimiento y producción.

La parra, una trepadora con una estructura particular

Antes de entrar a hablar de cómo podar las parras, conviene saber cómo es la estructura de esta planta. Se trata de una planta trepadora que se enrolla alrededor de un soporte, sujetándose con los zarcillos (las estructuras con que se agarran las trepadoras). Estas son las partes principales:

  • Las raíces, que son subterráneas, absorben agua y nutrientes y almacenan energía para el crecimiento y desarrollo de la planta.
  • El tronco, la parte principal de la planta, de madera gruesa y resistente, sostiene las ramas.
  • Los brazos, que sostiene las hojas, brotes, zarcillos y racimos. Hay brazos que son permanentes y forman parte de la estructura principal de la parra y otros que no y que, cuando ya no dan frutos, se podan de una temporada a otra para asegurar el buen crecimiento de la planta.
  • Los sarmientos (también denominados brotes) son ramas jóvenes que crecen a partir del tronco o los brazos principales y de las que salen hojas y uvas. Salen cada año a partir de una yema del año anterior y se podan de un año a otro.
  • Los pulgares o dedos, que son lo que queda del sarmiento podado, habitualmente con algunas yemas que serán la base de la producción de frutos del año siguiente.
  • Las hojas y los racimos.

Tipos de podas de la parra

Hay que tener en cuenta que hay dos tipos de podas diferentes en función de la edad de la planta y el objetivo que queramos conseguir: de formación o de fructificación.

  • La poda de formación: se hace en los primeros años de vida de la planta (3 o 4 años) para guiar y dar forma a la parra. Para ello, se coge la rama más fuerte, que será la principal, y se eliminan todas las ramas “débiles” desde la base.
  • La poda de fructificación: esta poda se hace en parras más viejas que ya tienen la forma adecuada. El objetivo es mantener su forma y favorecer que den frutos. Para ello hay que eliminar los tallos enfermos o viejos, que ya no dan brotes, de forma que los nuevos tengan más ventilación y les dé mejor el sol.

¿Cuándo se podan las parras?

La poda de las parras hay que hacerla cuando la planta está en periodo de vegetación, antes de que empiecen a crecer los nuevos brotes. Es decir, entre finales de invierno y principios de la primavera.

Adicionalmente, se puede hacer una poda a finales de primavera si hay demasiados brotes no productivos. Esto sirve para eliminar las hojas y brotes que sobrecargan la planta y ayudar a que los nutrientes se concentren en los brotes productivos.

Consejos para podar las parras

Para podar la parra, lo primero es limpiar y desinfectar las tijeras de podar que vayamos a usar y asegurarnos de que están bien afiladas para poder realizar cortes limpios. Ten en cuenta también estos consejos a la hora de podar:

  • Al cortar los sarmientos del año anterior, conviene mantener dos o tres yemas para asegurar la producción del siguiente año.
  • Hay que cortar la rama en bisel un centímetro o dos por encima de la yema y en contra de esta, es decir, que la parte alta del corte quede en el lado de la yema.
  • Los pulgares que apunten hacia abajo pueden podarse porque ya no serán productivos.
  • Si hay ramas o partes enfermas, desinfecta bien las tijeras después de cortarlas para evitar extender la enfermedad.
  • Ten en cuenta que una poda excesiva puede hacer que la parra produzca pocos frutos, mientras que podar demasiado poco puede debilitar la planta. La calve está en encontrar el punto intermedio.

Por otro lado, es mejor hacer la poda cuando no hay previsión de lluvia, para evitar que por los cortes entren enfermedades en la planta.

OTHER NEWS

20 minutes ago

Giuliani claims he was booted from radio station because of ‘trailer trash little creep’ Joe Biden

24 minutes ago

Dramatic moment four teenagers are arrested after allegedly stealing luxury cars and leading cops on wild chase on the Gold Coast

24 minutes ago

Video: Channel Nine's Today show stars pay tribute to late entertainment reporter Sam Rubin after colleague's shock death at 64

24 minutes ago

E-Mersion Media collapses: Brutal way staff were notified they were sacked after Melbourne-based startup entered liquidation

25 minutes ago

Donny van de Beek's agent claims Man Utd are blocking transfer to Premier League rivals

25 minutes ago

Sunak says ONS growth figures 'gives confidence we're on right track'

25 minutes ago

Dementia NI releases new single to give hope to people newly diagnosed with the condition

26 minutes ago

Are Ryobi 40V And 40V HP Batteries Interchangeable? Compatibility Explained

26 minutes ago

‘Kingdom of the Planet Apes' Is Not Enough to Achieve a $100 Million Box-Office Weekend

26 minutes ago

Brisbane-to-Sunshine Coast rail link locked in for Olympics with $5.5b funding

26 minutes ago

'Worse than Covid': UK gig venues sing the Blues

26 minutes ago

IDF's conduct, ethics under scrutiny following soldiers' social media posts

29 minutes ago

Luke Humphries opens up on nine-darter curse as Cool Hand loses Baltic Sea Darts Open final

30 minutes ago

Bills TE Knox Ready for Comeback Despite Concerns?

30 minutes ago

Nebraska football recruiting: 4-star QB TJ Lateef joins Huskers’ 2025 class

30 minutes ago

Wildfire Smoke Travels Across the Country

30 minutes ago

Senator compares social media addiction to drug use in emotional plea

30 minutes ago

WILLOW - empathogen ALBUM REVIEW

31 minutes ago

Heavy rain as thunderstorm threat moves into southern Ontario

31 minutes ago

How to choose ASX shares for passive income

33 minutes ago

Before Michael Cohen's testimony, take a look back at he and Trump's long and tortured history

34 minutes ago

Newcastle Airport emergency: Passenger plane's landing gear fails

34 minutes ago

Foreign Secretary David Cameron cozying up to China dubbed 'pathetic' by the last British governor of Hong Kong

35 minutes ago

Lionel Messi disgusted with MLS rule and Luis Suarez restrained from refs during Inter Miami match

35 minutes ago

Microsoft says AI at work is here to stay — now we just need to work out how best to use it

35 minutes ago

Djokovic suffers 'concerning' loss after bottle incident

35 minutes ago

Synchron CEO on What's Next for Brain Chip Implants

35 minutes ago

‘This is my 85th job application – and so far I’ve only spoken to AI bots’

35 minutes ago

'Modi says har ghar jal, TMC says har ghar bomb': PM Modi in Hooghly

35 minutes ago

Crow Country review - 90s style horror

35 minutes ago

Motor racing-Cassidy takes Formula E lead with win in Berlin

35 minutes ago

Shallow Grave review – Danny Boyle’s Edinburgh noir debut is a triple-crossing treat

35 minutes ago

La Chimera review – Josh O’Connor dazzles in brilliant tale of Italian tomb-raiders

35 minutes ago

No. 7-seed Maryland men’s lacrosse rolls past Princeton in first round of NCAA Tournament, 16-8

35 minutes ago

Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes review – thrilling addition to the series

35 minutes ago

Netflix Brings Its Own 'Jaws' Movie With 'Under Paris' in June 2024

35 minutes ago

First look at Disney’s adaptation of Jilly Cooper’s Rivals

35 minutes ago

Made in England: The Films of Powell and Pressburger celebrates 'unique collaboration'

35 minutes ago

Abbi Pulling beats 18 boys to become first female winner in Formula 4

35 minutes ago

Study identifies neural compass in the human brain

35 minutes ago

The Winter’s Tale review – Royal Ballet’s powerful war of the worlds

35 minutes ago

Angela Scanlon: ‘I can pick myself up faster now – maybe I just got used to the knocks?’

35 minutes ago

Movies to watch in May, from 'Furiosa' to 'The Fall Guy'

35 minutes ago

Bad blood boils over between Toronto FC and NYCFC in ugly post-game melee

35 minutes ago

Spirited Away review, London Coliseum: Studio Ghibli adaptation is three hours of relentless spectacle

35 minutes ago

Graphic footage of the alleged stabbing attack on a bishop will be unlocked at 5pm today after judge ruled out extending a ban in a temporary victory for Elon Musk

35 minutes ago

Children who use phones or watch television at mealtimes are significantly more likely to be overweight, study finds

35 minutes ago

Avocados could become scarce because of 'climate change' as report warns the superfood is vulnerable to hotter, drier weather because of the high volumes of water needed

35 minutes ago

Hailey Bieber calls her mom and grandmother her 'biggest inspirations' in Mother's Day post after announcing first pregnancy with Justin Bieber

35 minutes ago

Legendary Channel 5 quiz show has been 'shelved' with its future in doubt as iconic host confirms he has not filmed an episode for over a YEAR

37 minutes ago

Loretta Lynn's granddaughter Emmy Russell honors her on 'American Idol': Watch

39 minutes ago

Video: Over in a flash! Britain's fun in the sun draws to a close as clear skies and 27C heat make way for thunderstorms and torrential rain

39 minutes ago

Video: Over in a flash! Britain's fun in the sun draws to a close as clear skies and 27C heat make way for thunderstorms and torrential rain

39 minutes ago

Video: Wife of American soldier jailed in Russia claims she saw his local girlfriend stab him during video call with their six-year-old daughter

39 minutes ago

Video: Moment blood-thirsty mob surround suspect Shaquan Cummings, 30, as he's arrested after 'slashing a girl, 11, in the head with a box cutter'

39 minutes ago

South Dakota Gov. Kristi Noem is now barred from entering nearly 20% of her state, report says

39 minutes ago

Seven companies granted royal warrants from Queen - so how much could their price premium be?

39 minutes ago

Hollyoaks star reveals they have QUIT acting and moved to the countryside for a fresh start in heartfelt video

40 minutes ago

Why Isn't The Toyota Century Sold In The US & What Kind Of Engine Does It Have?

40 minutes ago

Gal: Radical change Blues need after Cleary injury

40 minutes ago

Insider details Lakers' timeline for new coaching hire

40 minutes ago

Women Who Win: Edwina Forest talks building a global brand and celebrating success

40 minutes ago

Take the long view like a farmer to harvest more from your money

40 minutes ago

Ben Askren: If Alex Pereira fights Jon Jones, ‘there’s a chance it’s over in like two and a half minutes’

40 minutes ago

Shah: BJP will emerge as single largest party in south after polls

40 minutes ago

IMSA Laguna Seca: Porsche beats Cadillac after last-gasp Tandy pass

40 minutes ago

‘I never doubted them but we had to leave our demons behind us’ – Glenn Ryan on Kildare’s sensational start

40 minutes ago

Lok Sabha polls: In UP, BJP sticks to traditional base, Samajwadi Party shifts focus to OBCs

40 minutes ago

Rudy Moreno, 'Godfather of Latino Comedy,' dies at 66

40 minutes ago

NT police to receive $90 million boost in Lawler government's pre-election 2024 budget

40 minutes ago

Pope Francis to sit down with 60 Minutes

40 minutes ago

Biden to Quadruple Tariffs on China EVs, Offer Solar Exclusions

43 minutes ago

E-Mersion Media collapses: Brutal way staff were notified they were sacked after Melbourne-based startup entered liquidation

43 minutes ago

This miracle cleaner from Coles transformed soap scum-covered shower screen - and it only cost $2.75

44 minutes ago

Graphic footage of the alleged stabbing attack on a bishop will be unlocked at 5pm today after judge ruled out extending a ban in a temporary victory for Elon Musk

44 minutes ago

Channel Nine's Today show stars pay tribute to late entertainment reporter Sam Rubin after colleague's shock death at 64

44 minutes ago

Farmer Wants A Wife's Bert is set to QUIT and his secret girlfriend off-screen revealed after shock exit

44 minutes ago

Moment blood-thirsty mob surround suspect Shaquan Cummings, 30, as he's arrested after 'slashing a girl, 11, in the head with a box cutter'

45 minutes ago

What the papers say – May 13

45 minutes ago

Rose Zhang erases 3-shot deficit with 4 late birdies to capture second LPGA title; Nelly Korda T-7 in bid for sixth straight

45 minutes ago

SNP finance probe heading to prosecutors 'within weeks', says police chief

46 minutes ago

Britain safer in Tory hands, Rishi Sunak to say

46 minutes ago

Enter Emily English: The Instagram nutritionist on everyone’s radar

47 minutes ago

Fans are following Taylor Swift to Europe after finding Eras Tour tickets less costly there

47 minutes ago

Fires used as weapon in Sudan conflict destroyed more towns in west than ever in April, study says

50 minutes ago

Boardwalk Empire star Steve Buscemi is punched in the face in a random attack in NYC

50 minutes ago

This miracle cleaner from Coles transformed soap scum-covered shower screen - and it only cost $2.75

50 minutes ago

Matthew Perry fans are left 'weeping' and 'heartbroken' as tragic Friends star is honoured at the BAFTA Television Awards: 'What a beautiful moment'

50 minutes ago

Stars of Holly Willoughby's new Netflix survival show Bear Hunt 'are warned over dangers of rabid bats and deadly snakes as they film in Costa Rican jungle'

51 minutes ago

South Africa: Today’s latest news and headlines, Sunday, 12 May

51 minutes ago

Characters From Horizon Zero Dawn That Should Appear In Horizon 3

51 minutes ago

Surfers' tribute Aussie brothers killed in Mexico

51 minutes ago

Manchester United 0-1 Arsenal: Man Utd improved but underwhelming as Arsenal secure nervy win

51 minutes ago

Fans flock to Stade Saputo as 'Messi Mania' arrives in Montreal: 'This is just crazy'

51 minutes ago

Biden and Trump split screen: "Unhinged" and "Hannibal Lecter"

53 minutes ago

Asia markets largely lower as investors assess China inflation data, await Japan GDP print

55 minutes ago

Hundreds dead in Afghanistan after flash flooding

55 minutes ago

Link between productivity and wage growth temporarily severed – think tank

55 minutes ago

Vusumuzi Vilakazi revels in victory against Orlando Pirates

55 minutes ago

Delta, B.C.’s community plan faces opposition