Cidades da China estão afundando rapidamente

cidades da china estão afundando rapidamente

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Não é só a grande cidade de Nova York que está afundando. Um estudo realizado por pesquisadores de várias universidades chinesas descobriu que pelo menos 40% da área urbana das principais cidades do país está afundando. E a uma taxa acelerada.

A pesquisa, publicada na revista Science, analisou cerca de 82 cidades chinesas com populações de mais de 2 milhões de habitantes. Eles utilizaram uma tecnologia chamada interferometria de radar de abertura sintética para medir o nível de elevação das cidades e deformação do solo.

O estudo, feito entre os anos de 2015 a 2022, mostrou que 45% das grandes cidades (como Xangai), estão afundando rapidamente, a uma taxa maior do que 3 milímetros por ano.

Isso por si só já seria preocupante, mas a pesquisa mostra ainda que pelo menos 16% das cidades analisadas estão afundando mais rápido do que 10 milímetros por ano. 67 milhões de pessoas vivem nessas regiões.

Nesse ritmo, somando o afundamento das cidades com a elevação do nível do mar, a análise revelou que, até 2120, cerca de um quarto das terras costeiras da China estará abaixo do nível do mar.

De acordo com os pesquisadores, as causas para o problema são várias, mas a principal é o acelerado desenvolvimento urbano no país. Nas últimas décadas, milhões de chineses saíram das áreas rurais para os grandes centros urbanos. Só nos primeiros 15 anos do século 21, a China foi responsável por aproximadamente metade de toda a urbanização do planeta.

O custo para isso, porém, está sendo cobrado agora. O grande peso das cidades e de toda a infraestrutura urbana, somado com a grande quantidade de extração de água subterrânea, compõem o cenário “perfeito” para que uma grande metrópole comece, aos poucos, a sucumbir diante do próprio tamanho.

Uma pesquisa de 2020 mostrou que, entre 1996 a 2014, a China construiu mais de 61,3 bilhões de m² de espaço de piso para a construção. Por ano, isso equivaleria a algo próximo de 3 bilhões, um tamanho próximo ao da cidade de Londres.

Mas não é só isso. Em entrevista à BBC, o professor Robert Nichols da Universidade de East Anglia, no Reino Unido, acredita que de fato o principal culpado seja a retirada de água subterrânea. Ele não esteve envolvido no estudo.

“Eu acredito que a extração de água é, na minha opinião, provavelmente a razão dominante. Na China, há muitas pessoas vivendo em áreas que foram sedimentadas relativamente recentemente, do ponto de vista geológico. Então, quando você retira água subterrânea ou drena os solos, eles tendem a afundar.”

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