Bitcoin yarılanması (halving) nedir ve neden önemli?

bitcoin yarılanması (halving) nedir ve neden önemli?

Bitcoin’in yarılanması nisan ayı sonlarında bekleniyor

Bitcoin’in uzun zamandır beklenen halvingi (yarılanma), kriptopara birimini daha nadir bir emtia haline getireceği için hayati bir olay ve aynı zamanda spekülatörlerin fiyatı şişirmek için söylediği teknik bir değişiklikten biraz daha fazlası.

Yarılanmanın tam zamanı belli olmasa da, Bitcoin’in mart ayında tüm zamanların en yüksek seviyesi olan 73.803,25 doları görmesinin ardından nisan ayı sonlarında gerçekleşmesi bekleniyor.

Peki yarılanma tam olarak nedir ve gerçekten önemli mi?

Yarılanma (Halving) nedir?

Yaklaşık dört yılda bir gerçekleşen ve en sonuncusu bu haftalarda beklenen yarılanma, Bitcoin’in temelindeki blokzincir teknolojisinde yeni bitcoinlerin yaratılma hızını azaltmak için tasarlanmış bir değişiklik.

Bitcoin, başlangıcından itibaren takma adı Satoshi Nakamoto olan yaratıcısı tarafından 21 milyon adetlik sınırlı bir arza sahip olacak şekilde tasarlandı.

Nakamoto yarılanmayı Bitcoin’in koduna yazdı ve bu, yeni Bitcoin’in dolaşıma çıkma hızını azaltarak çalışıyor.

Şu ana kadar yaklaşık 19 milyon bitcoin piyasaya sürüldü.

Nasıl oluyor?

Blockzincir teknolojisi, ‘madencilik’ adı verilen bir süreçle bilgi kayıtlarının tutulduğu blokların zincire eklenmesiyle çalışıyor.

Madenciler, karmaşık matematik bulmacalarını çözerek zincire yeni bloklar eklemeye hak kazanıyor ve karşılığında da ödül olarak belirli miktarda bitcoin kazanıyor. Bu süreç için de ciddi bir bilgi işlem gücünü kullanıyorlar.

Bitcoin’in blokzinciri, zincire her 210 bin blok eklendiğinde, yani yaklaşık dört yılda bir yarılanma meydana gelecek şekilde tasarlandı.

Yarılanmada madencilere ödül olarak sunulan Bitcoin miktarı yarı yarıya azalıyor.

Bu, madenciliği daha az karlı hale getiriyor ve yeni bitcoin üretimini yavaşlatıyor.

Bitcoin’in fiyatını nasıl etkiliyor?

Bazı bitcoin meraklıları, bitcoinin kıtlığının ona değer kattığını söylüyor.

Bir malın arzı ne kadar düşükse, diğer her şey eşit olduğunda, insanlar daha fazla satın almaya çalıştığında fiyatının artması gerekir. Bitcoin’in de farklı olmadığını savunuyorlar.

Diğerleri ise herhangi bir etkinin zaten fiyatlanmış olacağını belirterek bu mantığa karşı çıkıyor.

Bitcoin’in piyasaya arzı da büyük ölçüde kripto madencilerine bağlı ancak stoklar ve arza ilişkin veriler kıt olduğundan sektör şeffaf değil. Madenciler rezervlerini satarsa bu durum fiyatların düşmesine neden olabilir.

Geçen ay rekor seviyelere ulaştıktan sonra Bitcoin fiyatı 64 bin doların altına düştü. JP Morgan analistleri bu hafta yarılanma sonrasında fiyatın daha da düşmesini beklediklerini söyledi.

Diğer pazarlara göre çok daha az şeffaflık olduğu için kripto rallisinin nedenlerini belirlemek oldukça zor.

Bu yılki artışın en yaygın nedeni, ABD Menkul Kıymetler ve Borsa Komisyonu’nun Bitcoin ETF’lerini ocak ayında onaylaması ve merkez bankalarının faiz oranlarını düşüreceği yönündeki beklentiler.

Ancak kripto ticaretinin spekülatif dünyasında, fiyat değişikliklerine ilişkin açıklamalar çığ gibi büyüyerek kendi kendini gerçekleştiren piyasa kehanetlerine dönüşebiliyor.

Önceki yarılanmalardan sonra ne oldu?

Bitcoin’in geçmişteki fiyat artışlarının arkasında önceki yarılanmaların olduğunu gösteren hiçbir kanıt yok.

Yine de işlemciler ve madenciler avantaj elde etmek için geçmiş yarılanmalar üzerinde çalıştılar.

Son yarılanma 11 Mayıs 2020’de gerçekleştiğinde, fiyat bir sonraki haftada yüzde 12 civarında, sonraki 12 ayda ise yüzde 659 civarında artış gösterdi.

Ancak yükselişin arkasında gevşek para politikaları ve pandemi nedeniyle evde daha çok vakit geçiren bireysel yatırımcıların daha fazla alım satım yapması gibi nedenler öne sürülürken etkenlerin arasında yarılanmanın olduğuna dair gerçek bir kanıt yoktu.

Temmuz 2016’da daha erken bir halving gerçekleşti. Bitcoin, birkaç hafta sonra düşüşe geçmeden ve ardından toparlanmadan önce takip eden hafta yaklaşık yüzde 1,3 arttı.

Kısacası yarılanmaların daha önce yaratmış olabileceği etkiyi izole etmek veya bu sefer ne olabileceğini tahmin etmek oldukça zor.

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