Bagaimana Cara Mencegah Anemia Aplastik? Ini Kata Ahli...

bagaimana cara mencegah anemia aplastik? ini kata ahli...

Bagaimana cara mencegah anemia aplastik?

KOMPAS.com – Anemia aplastik adalah penyakit darah langka yang dapat mengancam jiwa. Lantas, bagaimana cara mencegah penyakit ini?

Sebelum membahas pencegahannya, ketahui dahulu penyebab anemia aplastik berikut.

Apa penyebab anemia aplastik?

Untuk diketahui, anemia aplastik adalah kondisi saat tubuh berhenti memproduksi sel darah baru, baik itu leukosit, trombosit, eritrosit, maupun ketiganya.

Pengidap anemia aplastik berisiko mengalami infeksi serius, seperti masalah pendarahan dan gangguan jantung yang mengancam jiwa.

Praktisi Kesehatan Masyarakat dr. Ngabila Salama menjelaskan beberapa penyebab anemia aplastik, yaitu adanya keturunan genetik atau didapat selama hidup karena penyakit menular atau tidak menular.

Namun, menurut Ngabila, potensi seseorang terkena anemia aplastik amatlah jarang.

“Kondisi ini sangat jarang, kurang dari 15.000 orang per tahunnya di Indonesia atau lima kasus per 100.000 penduduk sehingga sulit dikenali gejalanya,” kata Ngabila Salama, dikutip dari Antara, Selasa (9/4/2024).

Penyebab anemia aplastik lainnya yaitu efek kemoterapi dan radioterapi pada kanker, autoimun, konsumsi obat-obatan atau zat kimia dan infeksi lainnya.

Ngabila melanjutkan penjelasannya mengenai gejala anemia aplastik, seperti mudah lelah, letih, lesu, lambat berfikir, dan loyo akibat kurangnya sel darah merah.

Kemudian mudah sakit dan terkena infeksi menular seperti batuk pilek dan diare karena sel darah putih yang tidak cukup memberi proteksi pada tubuh.

Bagaimana cara mencegah anemia aplastik?

Ngabila Salama menjelaskan pencegahan anemia aplastik bisa dilakukan dengan skrining kesehatan berkala setiap enam bulan sekali.

Kemudian dengan program deteksi dini yang diberikan pemerintah secara gratis yaitu program calon pengantin yang mencakup pemeriksaan darah kedua calon dan pemeriksaan ibu hamil.

Sementara pada anak-anak dengan riwayat keturunan kanker seperti kanker darah atau autoimun, dianjurkan untuk melakukan skrining darah secara berkala enam atau 12 bulan sekali.

Skrining tersebut meliputi pemeriksaan hematologi lengkap, bahkan sesuai anjuran dokter bisa jadi diperiksakan bone marrow puncture dan Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) untuk mengukur kisaran ukuran sel darah merah.

Menurut Ngabila, pemeriksaan darah lengkap dapat diperoleh secara gratis dengan BPJS di puskesmas atau fasilitas kesehatan tingkat satu terdekat.

Masyarakat juga perlu menjaga pola hidup sehat dengan konsumsi makanan bergizi seimbang, tidur cukup, dan olahraga teratur untuk mencegah anemia aplastik.

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