Asteroid Meledak di Jerman, Jadi Batuan Luar Angkasa dengan Putaran Tercepat dalam Sejarah

asteroid meledak di jerman, jadi batuan luar angkasa dengan putaran tercepat dalam sejarah

Asteroid Meledak di Jerman, Jadi Batuan Luar Angkasa dengan Putaran Tercepat dalam Sejarah

Bisnis.com, JAKARTA – Sebuah asteroid yang menembus atmosfer di atas langit Jerman pada bulan Januari, berputar lebih cepat daripada objek dekat Bumi lainnya yang pernah tercatat, menurut penelitian baru.

Para peneliti memperkirakan asteroid tersebut, melaju dengan kecepatan 31.000 mph (50.000 km/jam), berputar setiap 2,6 detik sekali, merupakan putaran tercepat yang pernah terlihat pada asteroid.

Batuan luar angkasa, yang dijuluki 2024 BX1 itu, berubah menjadi bola api dan meledak di atas Berlin pada dini hari tanggal 21 Januari.

Meskipun asteroid kecil yang bertabrakan dengan Bumi biasanya hanya terdeteksi ketika mereka bertabrakan dengan atmosfer, para ilmuwan melihatnya sekitar tiga jam sebelum dampak.

Sebelumnya, rekor asteroid yang berputar paling cepat dimiliki oleh batu terbang bernama 2020 HS7 yang menunjukkan periode rotasi 2,99 detik. Asteroid tersebut berukuran diameter antara 13 dan 24 kaki (4 hingga 8 meter), yang sedikit lebih besar dari 2024 BX1 dan mungkin menjelaskan mengapa asteroid tersebut berputar lebih cepat.

Asteroid berputar karena beberapa alasan, seperti terdorong kembali ke luar angkasa setelah bertabrakan. Karena lebih kompak, asteroid yang lebih kecil cenderung berputar lebih cepat dibandingkan asteroid yang lebih besar.

“Mereka memiliki kekuatan internal, sehingga mereka dapat berotasi lebih cepat,” kata penulis utama Maxime Devogèle, fisikawan di Universitas Central Florida yang bekerja dengan Badan Antariksa Eropa, dilansir dari Livescience.

Devogèle dan rekan-rekannya mempelajari kecepatan rotasi tiga asteroid, termasuk 2024 BX1, menggunakan gambar yang mereka ambil saat objek tersebut mendekati Bumi.

Dua asteroid lainnya, 2023 CX1 dan 2024 EF, dideskripsikan berdasarkan jarak dekat dengan planet kita yang tercatat masing-masing pada 13 Februari 2023 dan 4 Maret 2024.

Saat memotret asteroid, para ilmuwan biasanya dapat menyesuaikan waktu pencahayaan sehingga batuan yang terbang dan wilayah luar angkasa di belakangnya tetap relatif jernih.

Namun objek dekat Bumi seperti 2024 BX1 bergerak sangat cepat sehingga memerlukan waktu pencahayaan yang sangat singkat agar terlihat jelas.

Berkat waktu pemaparan yang lama, gambar yang dihasilkan menunjukkan asteroid 2024 BX1 membuntuti langit berbintang.

Perubahan kecerahan di sepanjang jalur menyoroti tempat objek diputar dan menunjukkan bahwa objek tersebut memiliki bentuk memanjang, menurut makalah tersebut.

Para peneliti mengukur jarak antara titik terang ini dan menemukan bahwa itu berhubungan dengan waktu rotasi 2,588 detik, atau sekitar 33.000 rotasi per hari.

Mengetahui kecepatan rotasi asteroid yang terbang dekat Bumi dapat berguna dalam mengurangi risiko yang ditimbulkan benda-benda tersebut terhadap manusia dan infrastruktur, tambahnya.

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