Apa yang Terjadi pada Tubuh Ketika Begadang Setiap Hari?

apa yang terjadi pada tubuh ketika begadang setiap hari?

Kurang Tidur, Masalah Umum di Perkotaan

KOMPAS.com – Sejumlah orang punya kebiasaan begadang atau terjaga sepanjang malam untuk mengerjakan tugas, bekerja, menonton film, atau pun melakukan kegiatan lainnya.

Meski menjadi kebiasaan sebagian orang, begadang bukanlah gaya hidup yang baik. Bahkan, begadang termasuk kebiasaan buruk yang bisa merusak kesehatan.

Dikutip dari News Medical, efek begadang dapat memengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh, sampai fungsi otak.

Lantas, apa yang terjadi pada tubuh ketika begadang setiap hari?

Apa yang terjadi pada tubuh ketika begadang setiap hari?

Orang dewasa membutuhkan tidur nyenyak setidaknya enam sampai delapan jam setiap hari. Tanpa tidur nyenyak cukup, fungsi tubuh tidak bisa berjalan optimal. Terlebih jika orang punya kebiasaan begadang.

Berikut beberapa hal yang bisa terjadi apabila tubuh begadang setiap hari:

1. Suasana hati buruk

Kebiasaan begadang menyebabkan seseorang rentan mengalami masalah terkait suasana hati. Hal ini juga dibuktikan oleh para peneliti studi Biomolekul pada Maret 2021.

Para peneliti mencatat, mereka yang sering begadang dan melakukan pekerjaan di malam hari, lebih cenderung mengalami gangguan suasana hati hingga gangguan kepribadian.

Para peneliti juga berpendapat bahwa orang yang begadang mungkin lebih sulit mengatur emosinya.

Dalam studi yang diterbitkan pada 2017 di Journal of Biological Rhythms menunjukkan, orang yang begadang cenderung sulit melihat sisi baik segala sesuatu.

Hal ini terjadi karena kronotipe atau kondisi biologis dan genetik seseorang yang berkaitan dengan ritme sirkadian (siklus tidur dan bangun tidur) terganggu.

2. Meningkatkan risiko diabetes

Kurang tidur atau kebiasaan begadang dapat menyebabkan penyakit yang serius, yakni meningkatkan risiko penyakit diabetes melitus.

Para peneliti dalam meta-analisis yang diterbitkan di Advances in Nutrition pada Januari 2022 menemukan, dari 39 penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa orang yang begadang memiliki risiko diabetes yang jauh lebih tinggi.

3. Berumur pendek

Efek samping serius lainnya yang disebabkan karena kebiasaan begadang yakni dapat memperpendek umum seseorang.

Hal ini diungkapkan dalam sebuah studi yang diterbitkan pada 2018 di The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research.

Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan, orang yang suka begadang dan sulit bangun di pagi hari memiliki risiko 10 persen lebih tinggi untuk meninggal dunia lebih cepat dibandingkan orang yang memiliki preferensi alami untuk tidur lebih awal dan jam tidur teratur.

Hal ini secara tidak langsung terkait dengan peningkatan risiko penyakit kronis, seperti efek diabetes dan berat badan berlebih.

4. Berat badan naik

Kebiasaan begadang dapat menyebabkan kenaikan berat badan untuk sebagian besar orang. Kondisi ini disebabkan karena tubuh tidak bisa mengontrol hormon ghrelin dan leptin dengan baik.

Ghrelin dan leptin adalah hormon yang dapat memengaruhi rasa lapar seseorang. Tanpa hormon ini, seseorang mungkin merasakan keinginan untuk makan lebih banyak dari yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh.

Akibatnya, orang yang begadang cenderung mudah lapar dan makan di malam hari. Kondisi ini dapat memicu pertambahan berat badan yang signifikan.

5. Kecenderungan membuat keputusan berisiko

Begadang dan kebiasaan tidur setiap pagi juga dikaitkan dengan kecenderungan pengambilan risiko yang lebih besar, menurut sebuah studi tahun 2019 di PLoS One.

Secara umum, peserta laki-laki dalam penelitian ini melaporkan bahwa orang yang gemar begadang mengambil lebih banyak keputusan berisiko dibandingkan peserta perempuan.

Namun, peserta perempuan dengan kronotipe malam hari dilaporkan mengambil lebih banyak risiko dibandingkan peserta pagi.

Meskipun pengambilan risiko tidak selalu buruk, terkadang hal itu dapat menyebabkan situasi berbahaya atau tidak menyehatkan.

Dalam studi tahun 2021 di Jurnal Psikologi Eropa penulis mencatat, pengambilan risiko mencakup perilaku yang “menantang diri sendiri”, contohnya mengebut di jalan, merokok, atau tindakan yang terkadang membahayakan.

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