空き家が過去最多900万戸、30年で2倍に…「放置」385万戸の2割強で腐朽・破損

空き家が過去最多900万戸、30年で2倍に…「放置」385万戸の2割強で腐朽・破損

総務省

 総務省は30日、2023年の住宅・土地統計調査の結果(速報値)を発表した。全国の空き家は900万戸(アパートなどの一室も含む)に上り、過去最多を更新。5年前の前回調査から51万戸増え、この30年で約2倍となった。放置されたり管理に不備があったりする空き家は治安、防災面で地域社会に悪影響を及ぼすが、人口減や少子高齢化に伴い、増加傾向に歯止めがかからない状況だ。

 調査では、国内の総住宅数に占める空き家の割合(空き家率)も前回比0・2ポイント上昇。これまでで最も高い13・8%となった。

 空き家のうち、居住や使用の目的のない「放置空き家」は385万戸で、前回から37万戸増え、総住宅数に占める割合は5・9%に達した。放置空き家の2割強では腐朽・破損が確認された。残る約515万戸は賃貸・売却用、別荘などだが、この中にも管理が不十分で放置状態の空き家があるとみられる。

 都道府県別の空き家率で最も高かったのは和歌山、徳島県の21・2%で、山梨県の20・5%が続いた。放置空き家に限ると、鹿児島県が13・6%で最も高く、高知県が12・9%、徳島、愛媛県が12・2%。西日本で高い傾向になっている。

 放置空き家率は東京都2・6%、神奈川県3・2%など首都圏が軒並み低く、大都市を抱える大阪府、愛知、福岡県はいずれも4%台。沖縄県も4・0%だった。

 調査は1948年から5年に1度実施。今回は2023年10月1日時点で約340万戸を抽出して調べ、全国の状況を推計した。総住宅数は6502万戸で、前回から261万戸(4・2%)増えて過去最多。人口減少の中で住宅は増え続けている傾向も浮かんだ。

 政府は空き家の放置を防ぐため法改正を進め、自治体への支援策も打ち出している。昨年12月施行の改正空家対策特別措置法では、将来的に倒壊が懸念される空き家を自治体が「管理不全空き家」と認定する制度を新設。自治体が手入れを求めても所有者が従わない場合、固定資産税の優遇措置が受けられなくなった。

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