性犯罪歴確認の「日本版DBS」 対象、照会期間…各国で異なる制度

性犯罪歴確認の「日本版dbs」 対象、照会期間…各国で異なる制度

各国の性犯罪歴確認のしくみ

 仕事で子どもに接する人の性犯罪歴を確認するよう事業者に義務づける「日本版DBS」創設を盛り込んだ「こども性暴力防止法案」が9日、衆院本会議で審議入りした。性犯罪歴のある人の就労を事実上制限するしくみだが、海外ではどんな取り組みがされているのか。

【写真】従業員の性犯罪歴確認、河合塾や早稲アカなど参加方針 日本版DBS

 子どもの性被害は後を絶たない。2020年、ベビーシッター仲介大手に登録していたシッターの男2人が、強制わいせつなどの疑いで逮捕された。政府は21年に決めた子ども政策の基本方針などに、子どもと接する職場で働く際に性犯罪歴を確認するしくみが必要と盛り込んだ。

 「日本版DBS」と呼ばれているのは、英国の犯歴開示、就業制限の仕組み「DBS(Disclosure and Barring Service)」を参考にしているからだ。

 ただ、異なる点は多い。こども家庭庁によると、英国では「子どもの教育、訓練または指導、世話または監督」「子ども向けウェブサービスの運営」など、対象は多岐にわたる。千人を超える職員を抱える公的機関が管理し、こども分野全体をカバーする日本の同庁の職員が400人超であることと比べても、組織の大きさがうかがえる。

 また、子どもとかかわる仕事への就労を法律で明確に禁じていて、本人も、雇った側も罰せられる。犯歴の照会期間が無期限なのも特徴だ。

 ほかの国にも、同様のしくみがある。

 ドイツは未成年への性的虐待などがある場合、公的な青少年福祉機関での就労が禁じられる。フランスには就業禁止規定はないが、犯歴と職種が不適合であると判断できる場合に不採用や解雇をすることが可能という。

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